Ruby  3.4.0dev (2024-11-05 revision 348a53415339076afc4a02fcd09f3ae36e9c4c61)
hash.c (348a53415339076afc4a02fcd09f3ae36e9c4c61)
1 /**********************************************************************
2 
3  hash.c -
4 
5  $Author$
6  created at: Mon Nov 22 18:51:18 JST 1993
7 
8  Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
9  Copyright (C) 2000 Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
10  Copyright (C) 2000 Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan
11 
12 **********************************************************************/
13 
14 #include "ruby/internal/config.h"
15 
16 #include <errno.h>
17 
18 #ifdef __APPLE__
19 # ifdef HAVE_CRT_EXTERNS_H
20 # include <crt_externs.h>
21 # else
22 # include "missing/crt_externs.h"
23 # endif
24 #endif
25 
26 #include "debug_counter.h"
27 #include "id.h"
28 #include "internal.h"
29 #include "internal/array.h"
30 #include "internal/bignum.h"
31 #include "internal/basic_operators.h"
32 #include "internal/class.h"
33 #include "internal/cont.h"
34 #include "internal/error.h"
35 #include "internal/hash.h"
36 #include "internal/object.h"
37 #include "internal/proc.h"
38 #include "internal/st.h"
39 #include "internal/symbol.h"
40 #include "internal/thread.h"
41 #include "internal/time.h"
42 #include "internal/vm.h"
43 #include "probes.h"
44 #include "ruby/st.h"
45 #include "ruby/util.h"
46 #include "ruby_assert.h"
47 #include "symbol.h"
48 #include "ruby/thread_native.h"
49 #include "ruby/ractor.h"
50 #include "vm_sync.h"
51 #include "builtin.h"
52 
53 /* Flags of RHash
54  *
55  * 1: RHASH_PASS_AS_KEYWORDS
56  * The hash is flagged as Ruby 2 keywords hash.
57  * 2: RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT
58  * The hash has a default proc (rather than a default value).
59  * 3: RHASH_ST_TABLE_FLAG
60  * The hash uses a ST table (rather than an AR table).
61  * 4-7: RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_MASK
62  * The size of the AR table.
63  * 8-11: RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK
64  * The bounds of the AR table.
65  * 13-19: RHASH_LEV_MASK
66  * The iterational level of the hash. Used to prevent modifications
67  * to the hash during iteration.
68  */
69 
70 #ifndef HASH_DEBUG
71 #define HASH_DEBUG 0
72 #endif
73 
74 #if HASH_DEBUG
75 #include "internal/gc.h"
76 #endif
77 
78 #define SET_DEFAULT(hash, ifnone) ( \
79  FL_UNSET_RAW(hash, RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT), \
80  RHASH_SET_IFNONE(hash, ifnone))
81 
82 #define SET_PROC_DEFAULT(hash, proc) set_proc_default(hash, proc)
83 
84 #define COPY_DEFAULT(hash, hash2) copy_default(RHASH(hash), RHASH(hash2))
85 
86 static inline void
87 copy_default(struct RHash *hash, const struct RHash *hash2)
88 {
89  hash->basic.flags &= ~RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT;
90  hash->basic.flags |= hash2->basic.flags & RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT;
91  RHASH_SET_IFNONE(hash, RHASH_IFNONE((VALUE)hash2));
92 }
93 
94 static VALUE rb_hash_s_try_convert(VALUE, VALUE);
95 
96 /*
97  * Hash WB strategy:
98  * 1. Check mutate st_* functions
99  * * st_insert()
100  * * st_insert2()
101  * * st_update()
102  * * st_add_direct()
103  * 2. Insert WBs
104  */
105 
106 /* :nodoc: */
107 VALUE
109 {
110  return rb_obj_freeze(hash);
111 }
112 
114 VALUE rb_cHash_empty_frozen;
115 
116 static VALUE envtbl;
117 static ID id_hash, id_flatten_bang;
118 static ID id_hash_iter_lev;
119 
120 #define id_default idDefault
121 
122 VALUE
124 {
125  RB_OBJ_WRITE(hash, (&RHASH(hash)->ifnone), ifnone);
126  return hash;
127 }
128 
129 int
130 rb_any_cmp(VALUE a, VALUE b)
131 {
132  if (a == b) return 0;
133  if (RB_TYPE_P(a, T_STRING) && RBASIC(a)->klass == rb_cString &&
134  RB_TYPE_P(b, T_STRING) && RBASIC(b)->klass == rb_cString) {
135  return rb_str_hash_cmp(a, b);
136  }
137  if (UNDEF_P(a) || UNDEF_P(b)) return -1;
138  if (SYMBOL_P(a) && SYMBOL_P(b)) {
139  return a != b;
140  }
141 
142  return !rb_eql(a, b);
143 }
144 
145 static VALUE
146 hash_recursive(VALUE obj, VALUE arg, int recurse)
147 {
148  if (recurse) return INT2FIX(0);
149  return rb_funcallv(obj, id_hash, 0, 0);
150 }
151 
152 static long rb_objid_hash(st_index_t index);
153 
154 static st_index_t
155 dbl_to_index(double d)
156 {
157  union {double d; st_index_t i;} u;
158  u.d = d;
159  return u.i;
160 }
161 
162 long
163 rb_dbl_long_hash(double d)
164 {
165  /* normalize -0.0 to 0.0 */
166  if (d == 0.0) d = 0.0;
167 #if SIZEOF_INT == SIZEOF_VOIDP
168  return rb_memhash(&d, sizeof(d));
169 #else
170  return rb_objid_hash(dbl_to_index(d));
171 #endif
172 }
173 
174 static inline long
175 any_hash(VALUE a, st_index_t (*other_func)(VALUE))
176 {
177  VALUE hval;
178  st_index_t hnum;
179 
180  switch (TYPE(a)) {
181  case T_SYMBOL:
182  if (STATIC_SYM_P(a)) {
183  hnum = a >> (RUBY_SPECIAL_SHIFT + ID_SCOPE_SHIFT);
184  hnum = rb_hash_start(hnum);
185  }
186  else {
187  hnum = RSYMBOL(a)->hashval;
188  }
189  break;
190  case T_FIXNUM:
191  case T_TRUE:
192  case T_FALSE:
193  case T_NIL:
194  hnum = rb_objid_hash((st_index_t)a);
195  break;
196  case T_STRING:
197  hnum = rb_str_hash(a);
198  break;
199  case T_BIGNUM:
200  hval = rb_big_hash(a);
201  hnum = FIX2LONG(hval);
202  break;
203  case T_FLOAT: /* prevent pathological behavior: [Bug #10761] */
204  hnum = rb_dbl_long_hash(rb_float_value(a));
205  break;
206  default:
207  hnum = other_func(a);
208  }
209  if ((SIGNED_VALUE)hnum > 0)
210  hnum &= FIXNUM_MAX;
211  else
212  hnum |= FIXNUM_MIN;
213  return (long)hnum;
214 }
215 
216 VALUE rb_obj_hash(VALUE obj);
217 VALUE rb_vm_call0(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE recv, ID id, int argc, const VALUE *argv, const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme, int kw_splat);
218 
219 static st_index_t
220 obj_any_hash(VALUE obj)
221 {
222  VALUE hval = Qundef;
223  VALUE klass = CLASS_OF(obj);
224  if (klass) {
225  const rb_callable_method_entry_t *cme = rb_callable_method_entry(klass, id_hash);
226  if (cme && METHOD_ENTRY_BASIC(cme)) {
227  // Optimize away the frame push overhead if it's the default Kernel#hash
228  if (cme->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_CFUNC && cme->def->body.cfunc.func == (rb_cfunc_t)rb_obj_hash) {
229  hval = rb_obj_hash(obj);
230  }
231  else if (RBASIC_CLASS(cme->defined_class) == rb_mKernel) {
232  hval = rb_vm_call0(GET_EC(), obj, id_hash, 0, 0, cme, 0);
233  }
234  }
235  }
236 
237  if (UNDEF_P(hval)) {
238  hval = rb_exec_recursive_outer_mid(hash_recursive, obj, 0, id_hash);
239  }
240 
241  while (!FIXNUM_P(hval)) {
242  if (RB_TYPE_P(hval, T_BIGNUM)) {
243  int sign;
244  unsigned long ul;
245  sign = rb_integer_pack(hval, &ul, 1, sizeof(ul), 0,
247  if (sign < 0) {
248  hval = LONG2FIX(ul | FIXNUM_MIN);
249  }
250  else {
251  hval = LONG2FIX(ul & FIXNUM_MAX);
252  }
253  }
254  hval = rb_to_int(hval);
255  }
256 
257  return FIX2LONG(hval);
258 }
259 
260 st_index_t
261 rb_any_hash(VALUE a)
262 {
263  return any_hash(a, obj_any_hash);
264 }
265 
266 VALUE
268 {
269  return LONG2FIX(any_hash(obj, obj_any_hash));
270 }
271 
272 
273 /* Here is a hash function for 64-bit key. It is about 5 times faster
274  (2 times faster when uint128 type is absent) on Haswell than
275  tailored Spooky or City hash function can be. */
276 
277 /* Here we two primes with random bit generation. */
278 static const uint64_t prime1 = ((uint64_t)0x2e0bb864 << 32) | 0xe9ea7df5;
279 static const uint32_t prime2 = 0x830fcab9;
280 
281 
282 static inline uint64_t
283 mult_and_mix(uint64_t m1, uint64_t m2)
284 {
285 #if defined HAVE_UINT128_T
286  uint128_t r = (uint128_t) m1 * (uint128_t) m2;
287  return (uint64_t) (r >> 64) ^ (uint64_t) r;
288 #else
289  uint64_t hm1 = m1 >> 32, hm2 = m2 >> 32;
290  uint64_t lm1 = m1, lm2 = m2;
291  uint64_t v64_128 = hm1 * hm2;
292  uint64_t v32_96 = hm1 * lm2 + lm1 * hm2;
293  uint64_t v1_32 = lm1 * lm2;
294 
295  return (v64_128 + (v32_96 >> 32)) ^ ((v32_96 << 32) + v1_32);
296 #endif
297 }
298 
299 static inline uint64_t
300 key64_hash(uint64_t key, uint32_t seed)
301 {
302  return mult_and_mix(key + seed, prime1);
303 }
304 
305 /* Should cast down the result for each purpose */
306 #define st_index_hash(index) key64_hash(rb_hash_start(index), prime2)
307 
308 static long
309 rb_objid_hash(st_index_t index)
310 {
311  return (long)st_index_hash(index);
312 }
313 
314 static st_index_t
315 objid_hash(VALUE obj)
316 {
317  VALUE object_id = rb_obj_id(obj);
318  if (!FIXNUM_P(object_id))
319  object_id = rb_big_hash(object_id);
320 
321 #if SIZEOF_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
322  return (st_index_t)st_index_hash((st_index_t)NUM2LONG(object_id));
323 #elif SIZEOF_LONG_LONG == SIZEOF_VOIDP
324  return (st_index_t)st_index_hash((st_index_t)NUM2LL(object_id));
325 #endif
326 }
327 
331 VALUE
332 rb_obj_hash(VALUE obj)
333 {
334  long hnum = any_hash(obj, objid_hash);
335  return ST2FIX(hnum);
336 }
337 
338 static const struct st_hash_type objhash = {
339  rb_any_cmp,
340  rb_any_hash,
341 };
342 
343 #define rb_ident_cmp st_numcmp
344 
345 static st_index_t
346 rb_ident_hash(st_data_t n)
347 {
348 #ifdef USE_FLONUM /* RUBY */
349  /*
350  * - flonum (on 64-bit) is pathologically bad, mix the actual
351  * float value in, but do not use the float value as-is since
352  * many integers get interpreted as 2.0 or -2.0 [Bug #10761]
353  */
354  if (FLONUM_P(n)) {
355  n ^= dbl_to_index(rb_float_value(n));
356  }
357 #endif
358 
359  return (st_index_t)st_index_hash((st_index_t)n);
360 }
361 
362 #define identhash rb_hashtype_ident
363 const struct st_hash_type rb_hashtype_ident = {
364  rb_ident_cmp,
365  rb_ident_hash,
366 };
367 
368 #define RHASH_IDENTHASH_P(hash) (RHASH_TYPE(hash) == &identhash)
369 #define RHASH_STRING_KEY_P(hash, key) (!RHASH_IDENTHASH_P(hash) && (rb_obj_class(key) == rb_cString))
370 
371 typedef st_index_t st_hash_t;
372 
373 /*
374  * RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h):
375  * RHASH_AR_TABLE points to ar_table.
376  *
377  * !RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h):
378  * RHASH_ST_TABLE points st_table.
379  */
380 
381 #define RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE
382 
383 #define RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, n) (&RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash)->pairs[n])
384 #define RHASH_AR_CLEARED_HINT 0xff
385 
386 static inline st_hash_t
387 ar_do_hash(st_data_t key)
388 {
389  return (st_hash_t)rb_any_hash(key);
390 }
391 
392 static inline ar_hint_t
393 ar_do_hash_hint(st_hash_t hash_value)
394 {
395  return (ar_hint_t)hash_value;
396 }
397 
398 static inline ar_hint_t
399 ar_hint(VALUE hash, unsigned int index)
400 {
401  return RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash)->ar_hint.ary[index];
402 }
403 
404 static inline void
405 ar_hint_set_hint(VALUE hash, unsigned int index, ar_hint_t hint)
406 {
407  RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash)->ar_hint.ary[index] = hint;
408 }
409 
410 static inline void
411 ar_hint_set(VALUE hash, unsigned int index, st_hash_t hash_value)
412 {
413  ar_hint_set_hint(hash, index, ar_do_hash_hint(hash_value));
414 }
415 
416 static inline void
417 ar_clear_entry(VALUE hash, unsigned int index)
418 {
419  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, index);
420  pair->key = Qundef;
421  ar_hint_set_hint(hash, index, RHASH_AR_CLEARED_HINT);
422 }
423 
424 static inline int
425 ar_cleared_entry(VALUE hash, unsigned int index)
426 {
427  if (ar_hint(hash, index) == RHASH_AR_CLEARED_HINT) {
428  /* RHASH_AR_CLEARED_HINT is only a hint, not mean cleared entry,
429  * so you need to check key == Qundef
430  */
431  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, index);
432  return UNDEF_P(pair->key);
433  }
434  else {
435  return FALSE;
436  }
437 }
438 
439 static inline void
440 ar_set_entry(VALUE hash, unsigned int index, st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_hash_t hash_value)
441 {
442  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, index);
443  pair->key = key;
444  pair->val = val;
445  ar_hint_set(hash, index, hash_value);
446 }
447 
448 #define RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(h) (HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h)), \
449  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_RAW(h))
450 
451 #define RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_RAW(h) \
452  ((unsigned int)((RBASIC(h)->flags >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT) & \
453  (RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK >> RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT)))
454 
455 #define RHASH_ST_TABLE_SET(h, s) rb_hash_st_table_set(h, s)
456 #define RHASH_TYPE(hash) (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash) ? &objhash : RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash)->type)
457 
458 #define HASH_ASSERT(expr) RUBY_ASSERT_MESG_WHEN(HASH_DEBUG, expr, #expr)
459 
460 static inline unsigned int
461 RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(VALUE h)
462 {
463  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h));
464  const unsigned int bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_RAW(h);
465  HASH_ASSERT(bound <= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE);
466  return bound;
467 }
468 
469 #if HASH_DEBUG
470 #define hash_verify(hash) hash_verify_(hash, __FILE__, __LINE__)
471 
472 void
473 rb_hash_dump(VALUE hash)
474 {
475  rb_obj_info_dump(hash);
476 
477  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
478  unsigned i, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
479 
480  fprintf(stderr, " size:%u bound:%u\n",
481  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash), bound);
482 
483  for (i=0; i<bound; i++) {
484  st_data_t k, v;
485 
486  if (!ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) {
487  char b1[0x100], b2[0x100];
488  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
489  k = pair->key;
490  v = pair->val;
491  fprintf(stderr, " %d key:%s val:%s hint:%02x\n", i,
492  rb_raw_obj_info(b1, 0x100, k),
493  rb_raw_obj_info(b2, 0x100, v),
494  ar_hint(hash, i));
495  }
496  else {
497  fprintf(stderr, " %d empty\n", i);
498  }
499  }
500  }
501 }
502 
503 static VALUE
504 hash_verify_(VALUE hash, const char *file, int line)
505 {
506  HASH_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH));
507 
508  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
509  unsigned i, n = 0, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
510 
511  for (i=0; i<bound; i++) {
512  st_data_t k, v;
513  if (!ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) {
514  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
515  k = pair->key;
516  v = pair->val;
517  HASH_ASSERT(!UNDEF_P(k));
518  HASH_ASSERT(!UNDEF_P(v));
519  n++;
520  }
521  }
522  if (n != RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash)) {
523  rb_bug("n:%u, RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE:%u", n, RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash));
524  }
525  }
526  else {
527  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash) != NULL);
528  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_RAW(hash) == 0);
529  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_RAW(hash) == 0);
530  }
531 
532  return hash;
533 }
534 
535 #else
536 #define hash_verify(h) ((void)0)
537 #endif
538 
539 static inline int
540 RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(VALUE hash)
541 {
542  return RHASH_SIZE(hash) == 0;
543 }
544 
545 #define RHASH_SET_ST_FLAG(h) FL_SET_RAW(h, RHASH_ST_TABLE_FLAG)
546 #define RHASH_UNSET_ST_FLAG(h) FL_UNSET_RAW(h, RHASH_ST_TABLE_FLAG)
547 
548 static void
549 hash_st_table_init(VALUE hash, const struct st_hash_type *type, st_index_t size)
550 {
551  st_init_existing_table_with_size(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), type, size);
552  RHASH_SET_ST_FLAG(hash);
553 }
554 
555 void
556 rb_hash_st_table_set(VALUE hash, st_table *st)
557 {
558  HASH_ASSERT(st != NULL);
559  RHASH_SET_ST_FLAG(hash);
560 
561  *RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash) = *st;
562 }
563 
564 static inline void
565 RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(VALUE h, st_index_t n)
566 {
567  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h));
568  HASH_ASSERT(n <= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND);
569 
570  RBASIC(h)->flags &= ~RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK;
571  RBASIC(h)->flags |= n << RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SHIFT;
572 }
573 
574 static inline void
575 RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SET(VALUE h, st_index_t n)
576 {
577  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h));
578  HASH_ASSERT(n <= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE);
579 
580  RBASIC(h)->flags &= ~RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_MASK;
581  RBASIC(h)->flags |= n << RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SHIFT;
582 }
583 
584 static inline void
585 HASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_ADD(VALUE h, st_index_t n)
586 {
587  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h));
588 
589  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SET(h, RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(h) + n);
590 
591  hash_verify(h);
592 }
593 
594 #define RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_INC(h) HASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_ADD(h, 1)
595 
596 static inline void
597 RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_DEC(VALUE h)
598 {
599  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(h));
600  int new_size = RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(h) - 1;
601 
602  if (new_size != 0) {
603  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SET(h, new_size);
604  }
605  else {
606  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SET(h, 0);
607  RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(h, 0);
608  }
609  hash_verify(h);
610 }
611 
612 static inline void
613 RHASH_AR_TABLE_CLEAR(VALUE h)
614 {
615  RBASIC(h)->flags &= ~RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_MASK;
616  RBASIC(h)->flags &= ~RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_MASK;
617 
618  memset(RHASH_AR_TABLE(h), 0, sizeof(ar_table));
619 }
620 
621 NOINLINE(static int ar_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y));
622 
623 static int
624 ar_equal(VALUE x, VALUE y)
625 {
626  return rb_any_cmp(x, y) == 0;
627 }
628 
629 static unsigned
630 ar_find_entry_hint(VALUE hash, ar_hint_t hint, st_data_t key)
631 {
632  unsigned i, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
633  const ar_hint_t *hints = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash)->ar_hint.ary;
634 
635  /* if table is NULL, then bound also should be 0 */
636 
637  for (i = 0; i < bound; i++) {
638  if (hints[i] == hint) {
639  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
640  if (ar_equal(key, pair->key)) {
641  RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(artable_hint_hit);
642  return i;
643  }
644  else {
645 #if 0
646  static int pid;
647  static char fname[256];
648  static FILE *fp;
649 
650  if (pid != getpid()) {
651  snprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "/tmp/ruby-armiss.%d", pid = getpid());
652  if ((fp = fopen(fname, "w")) == NULL) rb_bug("fopen");
653  }
654 
655  st_hash_t h1 = ar_do_hash(key);
656  st_hash_t h2 = ar_do_hash(pair->key);
657 
658  fprintf(fp, "miss: hash_eq:%d hints[%d]:%02x hint:%02x\n"
659  " key :%016lx %s\n"
660  " pair->key:%016lx %s\n",
661  h1 == h2, i, hints[i], hint,
662  h1, rb_obj_info(key), h2, rb_obj_info(pair->key));
663 #endif
664  RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(artable_hint_miss);
665  }
666  }
667  }
668  RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC(artable_hint_notfound);
669  return RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND;
670 }
671 
672 static unsigned
673 ar_find_entry(VALUE hash, st_hash_t hash_value, st_data_t key)
674 {
675  ar_hint_t hint = ar_do_hash_hint(hash_value);
676  return ar_find_entry_hint(hash, hint, key);
677 }
678 
679 static inline void
680 hash_ar_free_and_clear_table(VALUE hash)
681 {
682  RHASH_AR_TABLE_CLEAR(hash);
683 
684  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) == 0);
685  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash) == 0);
686 }
687 
688 void rb_st_add_direct_with_hash(st_table *tab, st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_hash_t hash); // st.c
689 
690 enum ar_each_key_type {
691  ar_each_key_copy,
692  ar_each_key_cmp,
693  ar_each_key_insert,
694 };
695 
696 static inline int
697 ar_each_key(ar_table *ar, int max, enum ar_each_key_type type, st_data_t *dst_keys, st_table *new_tab, st_hash_t *hashes)
698 {
699  for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
700  ar_table_pair *pair = &ar->pairs[i];
701 
702  switch (type) {
703  case ar_each_key_copy:
704  dst_keys[i] = pair->key;
705  break;
706  case ar_each_key_cmp:
707  if (dst_keys[i] != pair->key) return 1;
708  break;
709  case ar_each_key_insert:
710  if (UNDEF_P(pair->key)) continue; // deleted entry
711  rb_st_add_direct_with_hash(new_tab, pair->key, pair->val, hashes[i]);
712  break;
713  }
714  }
715 
716  return 0;
717 }
718 
719 static st_table *
720 ar_force_convert_table(VALUE hash, const char *file, int line)
721 {
722  if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
723  return RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
724  }
725  else {
726  ar_table *ar = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash);
727  st_hash_t hashes[RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE];
728  unsigned int bound, size;
729 
730  // prepare hash values
731  do {
732  st_data_t keys[RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE];
733  bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
734  size = RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash);
735  ar_each_key(ar, bound, ar_each_key_copy, keys, NULL, NULL);
736 
737  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bound; i++) {
738  // do_hash calls #hash method and it can modify hash object
739  hashes[i] = UNDEF_P(keys[i]) ? 0 : ar_do_hash(keys[i]);
740  }
741 
742  // check if modified
743  if (UNLIKELY(!RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash))) return RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
744  if (UNLIKELY(RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash) != bound)) continue;
745  if (UNLIKELY(ar_each_key(ar, bound, ar_each_key_cmp, keys, NULL, NULL))) continue;
746  } while (0);
747 
748  // make st
749  st_table tab;
750  st_table *new_tab = &tab;
751  st_init_existing_table_with_size(new_tab, &objhash, size);
752  ar_each_key(ar, bound, ar_each_key_insert, NULL, new_tab, hashes);
753  hash_ar_free_and_clear_table(hash);
754  RHASH_ST_TABLE_SET(hash, new_tab);
755  return RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
756  }
757 }
758 
759 static int
760 ar_compact_table(VALUE hash)
761 {
762  const unsigned bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
763  const unsigned size = RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash);
764 
765  if (size == bound) {
766  return size;
767  }
768  else {
769  unsigned i, j=0;
770  ar_table_pair *pairs = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash)->pairs;
771 
772  for (i=0; i<bound; i++) {
773  if (ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) {
774  if (j <= i) j = i+1;
775  for (; j<bound; j++) {
776  if (!ar_cleared_entry(hash, j)) {
777  pairs[i] = pairs[j];
778  ar_hint_set_hint(hash, i, (st_hash_t)ar_hint(hash, j));
779  ar_clear_entry(hash, j);
780  j++;
781  goto found;
782  }
783  }
784  /* non-empty is not found */
785  goto done;
786  found:;
787  }
788  }
789  done:
790  HASH_ASSERT(i<=bound);
791 
792  RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(hash, size);
793  hash_verify(hash);
794  return size;
795  }
796 }
797 
798 static int
799 ar_add_direct_with_hash(VALUE hash, st_data_t key, st_data_t val, st_hash_t hash_value)
800 {
801  unsigned bin = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
802 
803  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) >= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE) {
804  return 1;
805  }
806  else {
807  if (UNLIKELY(bin >= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND)) {
808  bin = ar_compact_table(hash);
809  }
810  HASH_ASSERT(bin < RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND);
811 
812  ar_set_entry(hash, bin, key, val, hash_value);
813  RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(hash, bin+1);
814  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_INC(hash);
815  return 0;
816  }
817 }
818 
819 static void
820 ensure_ar_table(VALUE hash)
821 {
822  if (!RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
823  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "hash representation was changed during iteration");
824  }
825 }
826 
827 static int
828 ar_general_foreach(VALUE hash, st_foreach_check_callback_func *func, st_update_callback_func *replace, st_data_t arg)
829 {
830  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) > 0) {
831  unsigned i, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
832 
833  for (i = 0; i < bound; i++) {
834  if (ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) continue;
835 
836  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
837  st_data_t key = (st_data_t)pair->key;
838  st_data_t val = (st_data_t)pair->val;
839  enum st_retval retval = (*func)(key, val, arg, 0);
840  ensure_ar_table(hash);
841  /* pair may be not valid here because of theap */
842 
843  switch (retval) {
844  case ST_CONTINUE:
845  break;
846  case ST_CHECK:
847  case ST_STOP:
848  return 0;
849  case ST_REPLACE:
850  if (replace) {
851  retval = (*replace)(&key, &val, arg, TRUE);
852 
853  // TODO: pair should be same as pair before.
854  pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
855  pair->key = (VALUE)key;
856  pair->val = (VALUE)val;
857  }
858  break;
859  case ST_DELETE:
860  ar_clear_entry(hash, i);
861  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_DEC(hash);
862  break;
863  }
864  }
865  }
866  return 0;
867 }
868 
869 static int
870 ar_foreach_with_replace(VALUE hash, st_foreach_check_callback_func *func, st_update_callback_func *replace, st_data_t arg)
871 {
872  return ar_general_foreach(hash, func, replace, arg);
873 }
874 
875 struct functor {
876  st_foreach_callback_func *func;
877  st_data_t arg;
878 };
879 
880 static int
881 apply_functor(st_data_t k, st_data_t v, st_data_t d, int _)
882 {
883  const struct functor *f = (void *)d;
884  return f->func(k, v, f->arg);
885 }
886 
887 static int
888 ar_foreach(VALUE hash, st_foreach_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg)
889 {
890  const struct functor f = { func, arg };
891  return ar_general_foreach(hash, apply_functor, NULL, (st_data_t)&f);
892 }
893 
894 static int
895 ar_foreach_check(VALUE hash, st_foreach_check_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg,
896  st_data_t never)
897 {
898  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) > 0) {
899  unsigned i, ret = 0, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
900  enum st_retval retval;
901  st_data_t key;
902  ar_table_pair *pair;
903  ar_hint_t hint;
904 
905  for (i = 0; i < bound; i++) {
906  if (ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) continue;
907 
908  pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
909  key = pair->key;
910  hint = ar_hint(hash, i);
911 
912  retval = (*func)(key, pair->val, arg, 0);
913  ensure_ar_table(hash);
914  hash_verify(hash);
915 
916  switch (retval) {
917  case ST_CHECK: {
918  pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
919  if (pair->key == never) break;
920  ret = ar_find_entry_hint(hash, hint, key);
921  if (ret == RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND) {
922  retval = (*func)(0, 0, arg, 1);
923  return 2;
924  }
925  }
926  case ST_CONTINUE:
927  break;
928  case ST_STOP:
929  case ST_REPLACE:
930  return 0;
931  case ST_DELETE: {
932  if (!ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) {
933  ar_clear_entry(hash, i);
934  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_DEC(hash);
935  }
936  break;
937  }
938  }
939  }
940  }
941  return 0;
942 }
943 
944 static int
945 ar_update(VALUE hash, st_data_t key,
946  st_update_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg)
947 {
948  int retval, existing;
949  unsigned bin = RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND;
950  st_data_t value = 0, old_key;
951  st_hash_t hash_value = ar_do_hash(key);
952 
953  if (UNLIKELY(!RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash))) {
954  // `#hash` changes ar_table -> st_table
955  return -1;
956  }
957 
958  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) > 0) {
959  bin = ar_find_entry(hash, hash_value, key);
960  existing = (bin != RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND) ? TRUE : FALSE;
961  }
962  else {
963  existing = FALSE;
964  }
965 
966  if (existing) {
967  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, bin);
968  key = pair->key;
969  value = pair->val;
970  }
971  old_key = key;
972  retval = (*func)(&key, &value, arg, existing);
973  /* pair can be invalid here because of theap */
974  ensure_ar_table(hash);
975 
976  switch (retval) {
977  case ST_CONTINUE:
978  if (!existing) {
979  if (ar_add_direct_with_hash(hash, key, value, hash_value)) {
980  return -1;
981  }
982  }
983  else {
984  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, bin);
985  if (old_key != key) {
986  pair->key = key;
987  }
988  pair->val = value;
989  }
990  break;
991  case ST_DELETE:
992  if (existing) {
993  ar_clear_entry(hash, bin);
994  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_DEC(hash);
995  }
996  break;
997  }
998  return existing;
999 }
1000 
1001 static int
1002 ar_insert(VALUE hash, st_data_t key, st_data_t value)
1003 {
1004  unsigned bin = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
1005  st_hash_t hash_value = ar_do_hash(key);
1006 
1007  if (UNLIKELY(!RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash))) {
1008  // `#hash` changes ar_table -> st_table
1009  return -1;
1010  }
1011 
1012  bin = ar_find_entry(hash, hash_value, key);
1013  if (bin == RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND) {
1014  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) >= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE) {
1015  return -1;
1016  }
1017  else if (bin >= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND) {
1018  bin = ar_compact_table(hash);
1019  }
1020  HASH_ASSERT(bin < RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND);
1021 
1022  ar_set_entry(hash, bin, key, value, hash_value);
1023  RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(hash, bin+1);
1024  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_INC(hash);
1025  return 0;
1026  }
1027  else {
1028  RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, bin)->val = value;
1029  return 1;
1030  }
1031 }
1032 
1033 static int
1034 ar_lookup(VALUE hash, st_data_t key, st_data_t *value)
1035 {
1036  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) == 0) {
1037  return 0;
1038  }
1039  else {
1040  st_hash_t hash_value = ar_do_hash(key);
1041  if (UNLIKELY(!RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash))) {
1042  // `#hash` changes ar_table -> st_table
1043  return st_lookup(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), key, value);
1044  }
1045  unsigned bin = ar_find_entry(hash, hash_value, key);
1046 
1047  if (bin == RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND) {
1048  return 0;
1049  }
1050  else {
1051  HASH_ASSERT(bin < RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND);
1052  if (value != NULL) {
1053  *value = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, bin)->val;
1054  }
1055  return 1;
1056  }
1057  }
1058 }
1059 
1060 static int
1061 ar_delete(VALUE hash, st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value)
1062 {
1063  unsigned bin;
1064  st_hash_t hash_value = ar_do_hash(*key);
1065 
1066  if (UNLIKELY(!RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash))) {
1067  // `#hash` changes ar_table -> st_table
1068  return st_delete(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), key, value);
1069  }
1070 
1071  bin = ar_find_entry(hash, hash_value, *key);
1072 
1073  if (bin == RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_BOUND) {
1074  if (value != 0) *value = 0;
1075  return 0;
1076  }
1077  else {
1078  if (value != 0) {
1079  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, bin);
1080  *value = pair->val;
1081  }
1082  ar_clear_entry(hash, bin);
1083  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_DEC(hash);
1084  return 1;
1085  }
1086 }
1087 
1088 static int
1089 ar_shift(VALUE hash, st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value)
1090 {
1091  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) > 0) {
1092  unsigned i, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
1093 
1094  for (i = 0; i < bound; i++) {
1095  if (!ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) {
1096  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
1097  if (value != 0) *value = pair->val;
1098  *key = pair->key;
1099  ar_clear_entry(hash, i);
1100  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_DEC(hash);
1101  return 1;
1102  }
1103  }
1104  }
1105  if (value != NULL) *value = 0;
1106  return 0;
1107 }
1108 
1109 static long
1110 ar_keys(VALUE hash, st_data_t *keys, st_index_t size)
1111 {
1112  unsigned i, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
1113  st_data_t *keys_start = keys, *keys_end = keys + size;
1114 
1115  for (i = 0; i < bound; i++) {
1116  if (keys == keys_end) {
1117  break;
1118  }
1119  else {
1120  if (!ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) {
1121  *keys++ = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i)->key;
1122  }
1123  }
1124  }
1125 
1126  return keys - keys_start;
1127 }
1128 
1129 static long
1130 ar_values(VALUE hash, st_data_t *values, st_index_t size)
1131 {
1132  unsigned i, bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
1133  st_data_t *values_start = values, *values_end = values + size;
1134 
1135  for (i = 0; i < bound; i++) {
1136  if (values == values_end) {
1137  break;
1138  }
1139  else {
1140  if (!ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) {
1141  *values++ = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i)->val;
1142  }
1143  }
1144  }
1145 
1146  return values - values_start;
1147 }
1148 
1149 static ar_table*
1150 ar_copy(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2)
1151 {
1152  ar_table *old_tab = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash2);
1153  ar_table *new_tab = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash1);
1154 
1155  *new_tab = *old_tab;
1156  RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash1)->ar_hint.word = RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash2)->ar_hint.word;
1157  RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(hash1, RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash2));
1158  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SET(hash1, RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash2));
1159 
1160  rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(hash1);
1161 
1162  return new_tab;
1163 }
1164 
1165 static void
1166 ar_clear(VALUE hash)
1167 {
1168  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE(hash) != NULL) {
1169  RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE_SET(hash, 0);
1170  RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND_SET(hash, 0);
1171  }
1172  else {
1173  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) == 0);
1174  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash) == 0);
1175  }
1176 }
1177 
1178 static void
1179 hash_st_free(VALUE hash)
1180 {
1181  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash));
1182 
1183  st_table *tab = RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
1184 
1185  xfree(tab->bins);
1186  xfree(tab->entries);
1187 }
1188 
1189 static void
1190 hash_st_free_and_clear_table(VALUE hash)
1191 {
1192  hash_st_free(hash);
1193 
1194  RHASH_ST_CLEAR(hash);
1195 }
1196 
1197 void
1198 rb_hash_free(VALUE hash)
1199 {
1200  if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1201  hash_st_free(hash);
1202  }
1203 }
1204 
1205 typedef int st_foreach_func(st_data_t, st_data_t, st_data_t);
1206 
1208  st_table *tbl;
1209  st_foreach_func *func;
1210  st_data_t arg;
1211 };
1212 
1213 static int
1214 foreach_safe_i(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t args, int error)
1215 {
1216  int status;
1217  struct foreach_safe_arg *arg = (void *)args;
1218 
1219  if (error) return ST_STOP;
1220  status = (*arg->func)(key, value, arg->arg);
1221  if (status == ST_CONTINUE) {
1222  return ST_CHECK;
1223  }
1224  return status;
1225 }
1226 
1227 void
1228 st_foreach_safe(st_table *table, st_foreach_func *func, st_data_t a)
1229 {
1230  struct foreach_safe_arg arg;
1231 
1232  arg.tbl = table;
1233  arg.func = (st_foreach_func *)func;
1234  arg.arg = a;
1235  if (st_foreach_check(table, foreach_safe_i, (st_data_t)&arg, 0)) {
1236  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "hash modified during iteration");
1237  }
1238 }
1239 
1240 typedef int rb_foreach_func(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE);
1241 
1243  VALUE hash;
1244  rb_foreach_func *func;
1245  VALUE arg;
1246 };
1247 
1248 static int
1249 hash_iter_status_check(int status)
1250 {
1251  switch (status) {
1252  case ST_DELETE:
1253  return ST_DELETE;
1254  case ST_CONTINUE:
1255  break;
1256  case ST_STOP:
1257  return ST_STOP;
1258  }
1259 
1260  return ST_CHECK;
1261 }
1262 
1263 static int
1264 hash_ar_foreach_iter(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
1265 {
1266  struct hash_foreach_arg *arg = (struct hash_foreach_arg *)argp;
1267 
1268  if (error) return ST_STOP;
1269 
1270  int status = (*arg->func)((VALUE)key, (VALUE)value, arg->arg);
1271  /* TODO: rehash check? rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "rehash occurred during iteration"); */
1272 
1273  return hash_iter_status_check(status);
1274 }
1275 
1276 static int
1277 hash_foreach_iter(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
1278 {
1279  struct hash_foreach_arg *arg = (struct hash_foreach_arg *)argp;
1280 
1281  if (error) return ST_STOP;
1282 
1283  st_table *tbl = RHASH_ST_TABLE(arg->hash);
1284  int status = (*arg->func)((VALUE)key, (VALUE)value, arg->arg);
1285 
1286  if (RHASH_ST_TABLE(arg->hash) != tbl) {
1287  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "rehash occurred during iteration");
1288  }
1289 
1290  return hash_iter_status_check(status);
1291 }
1292 
1293 static unsigned long
1294 iter_lev_in_ivar(VALUE hash)
1295 {
1296  VALUE levval = rb_ivar_get(hash, id_hash_iter_lev);
1297  HASH_ASSERT(FIXNUM_P(levval));
1298  long lev = FIX2LONG(levval);
1299  HASH_ASSERT(lev >= 0);
1300  return (unsigned long)lev;
1301 }
1302 
1303 void rb_ivar_set_internal(VALUE obj, ID id, VALUE val);
1304 
1305 static void
1306 iter_lev_in_ivar_set(VALUE hash, unsigned long lev)
1307 {
1308  HASH_ASSERT(lev >= RHASH_LEV_MAX);
1309  HASH_ASSERT(POSFIXABLE(lev)); /* POSFIXABLE means fitting to long */
1310  rb_ivar_set_internal(hash, id_hash_iter_lev, LONG2FIX((long)lev));
1311 }
1312 
1313 static inline unsigned long
1314 iter_lev_in_flags(VALUE hash)
1315 {
1316  return (unsigned long)((RBASIC(hash)->flags >> RHASH_LEV_SHIFT) & RHASH_LEV_MAX);
1317 }
1318 
1319 static inline void
1320 iter_lev_in_flags_set(VALUE hash, unsigned long lev)
1321 {
1322  HASH_ASSERT(lev <= RHASH_LEV_MAX);
1323  RBASIC(hash)->flags = ((RBASIC(hash)->flags & ~RHASH_LEV_MASK) | ((VALUE)lev << RHASH_LEV_SHIFT));
1324 }
1325 
1326 static inline bool
1327 hash_iterating_p(VALUE hash)
1328 {
1329  return iter_lev_in_flags(hash) > 0;
1330 }
1331 
1332 static void
1333 hash_iter_lev_inc(VALUE hash)
1334 {
1335  unsigned long lev = iter_lev_in_flags(hash);
1336  if (lev == RHASH_LEV_MAX) {
1337  lev = iter_lev_in_ivar(hash) + 1;
1338  if (!POSFIXABLE(lev)) { /* paranoiac check */
1339  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "too much nested iterations");
1340  }
1341  }
1342  else {
1343  lev += 1;
1344  iter_lev_in_flags_set(hash, lev);
1345  if (lev < RHASH_LEV_MAX) return;
1346  }
1347  iter_lev_in_ivar_set(hash, lev);
1348 }
1349 
1350 static void
1351 hash_iter_lev_dec(VALUE hash)
1352 {
1353  unsigned long lev = iter_lev_in_flags(hash);
1354  if (lev == RHASH_LEV_MAX) {
1355  lev = iter_lev_in_ivar(hash);
1356  if (lev > RHASH_LEV_MAX) {
1357  iter_lev_in_ivar_set(hash, lev-1);
1358  return;
1359  }
1360  rb_attr_delete(hash, id_hash_iter_lev);
1361  }
1362  else if (lev == 0) {
1363  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "iteration level underflow");
1364  }
1365  iter_lev_in_flags_set(hash, lev - 1);
1366 }
1367 
1368 static VALUE
1369 hash_foreach_ensure(VALUE hash)
1370 {
1371  hash_iter_lev_dec(hash);
1372  return 0;
1373 }
1374 
1375 int
1376 rb_hash_stlike_foreach(VALUE hash, st_foreach_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg)
1377 {
1378  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1379  return ar_foreach(hash, func, arg);
1380  }
1381  else {
1382  return st_foreach(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), func, arg);
1383  }
1384 }
1385 
1386 int
1387 rb_hash_stlike_foreach_with_replace(VALUE hash, st_foreach_check_callback_func *func, st_update_callback_func *replace, st_data_t arg)
1388 {
1389  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1390  return ar_foreach_with_replace(hash, func, replace, arg);
1391  }
1392  else {
1393  return st_foreach_with_replace(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), func, replace, arg);
1394  }
1395 }
1396 
1397 static VALUE
1398 hash_foreach_call(VALUE arg)
1399 {
1400  VALUE hash = ((struct hash_foreach_arg *)arg)->hash;
1401  int ret = 0;
1402  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1403  ret = ar_foreach_check(hash, hash_ar_foreach_iter,
1404  (st_data_t)arg, (st_data_t)Qundef);
1405  }
1406  else if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1407  ret = st_foreach_check(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), hash_foreach_iter,
1408  (st_data_t)arg, (st_data_t)Qundef);
1409  }
1410  if (ret) {
1411  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "ret: %d, hash modified during iteration", ret);
1412  }
1413  return Qnil;
1414 }
1415 
1416 void
1417 rb_hash_foreach(VALUE hash, rb_foreach_func *func, VALUE farg)
1418 {
1419  struct hash_foreach_arg arg;
1420 
1421  if (RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash))
1422  return;
1423  arg.hash = hash;
1424  arg.func = (rb_foreach_func *)func;
1425  arg.arg = farg;
1426  if (RB_OBJ_FROZEN(hash)) {
1427  hash_foreach_call((VALUE)&arg);
1428  }
1429  else {
1430  hash_iter_lev_inc(hash);
1431  rb_ensure(hash_foreach_call, (VALUE)&arg, hash_foreach_ensure, hash);
1432  }
1433  hash_verify(hash);
1434 }
1435 
1436 void rb_st_compact_table(st_table *tab);
1437 
1438 static void
1439 compact_after_delete(VALUE hash)
1440 {
1441  if (!hash_iterating_p(hash) && RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1442  rb_st_compact_table(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash));
1443  }
1444 }
1445 
1446 static VALUE
1447 hash_alloc_flags(VALUE klass, VALUE flags, VALUE ifnone, bool st)
1448 {
1449  const VALUE wb = (RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_HASH ? FL_WB_PROTECTED : 0);
1450  const size_t size = sizeof(struct RHash) + (st ? sizeof(st_table) : sizeof(ar_table));
1451 
1452  NEWOBJ_OF(hash, struct RHash, klass, T_HASH | wb | flags, size, 0);
1453 
1454  RHASH_SET_IFNONE((VALUE)hash, ifnone);
1455 
1456  return (VALUE)hash;
1457 }
1458 
1459 static VALUE
1460 hash_alloc(VALUE klass)
1461 {
1462  /* Allocate to be able to fit both st_table and ar_table. */
1463  return hash_alloc_flags(klass, 0, Qnil, sizeof(st_table) > sizeof(ar_table));
1464 }
1465 
1466 static VALUE
1467 empty_hash_alloc(VALUE klass)
1468 {
1469  RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(HASH, 0);
1470 
1471  return hash_alloc(klass);
1472 }
1473 
1474 VALUE
1476 {
1477  return hash_alloc(rb_cHash);
1478 }
1479 
1480 static VALUE
1481 copy_compare_by_id(VALUE hash, VALUE basis)
1482 {
1483  if (rb_hash_compare_by_id_p(basis)) {
1484  return rb_hash_compare_by_id(hash);
1485  }
1486  return hash;
1487 }
1488 
1489 VALUE
1490 rb_hash_new_with_size(st_index_t size)
1491 {
1492  bool st = size > RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE;
1493  VALUE ret = hash_alloc_flags(rb_cHash, 0, Qnil, st);
1494 
1495  if (st) {
1496  hash_st_table_init(ret, &objhash, size);
1497  }
1498 
1499  return ret;
1500 }
1501 
1502 VALUE
1504 {
1505  return rb_hash_new_with_size((st_index_t)capa);
1506 }
1507 
1508 static VALUE
1509 hash_copy(VALUE ret, VALUE hash)
1510 {
1511  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1512  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(ret)) {
1513  ar_copy(ret, hash);
1514  }
1515  else {
1516  st_table *tab = RHASH_ST_TABLE(ret);
1517  st_init_existing_table_with_size(tab, &objhash, RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash));
1518 
1519  int bound = RHASH_AR_TABLE_BOUND(hash);
1520  for (int i = 0; i < bound; i++) {
1521  if (ar_cleared_entry(hash, i)) continue;
1522 
1523  ar_table_pair *pair = RHASH_AR_TABLE_REF(hash, i);
1524  st_add_direct(tab, pair->key, pair->val);
1525  RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(ret, Qundef, pair->key);
1526  RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(ret, Qundef, pair->val);
1527  }
1528  }
1529  }
1530  else {
1531  HASH_ASSERT(sizeof(st_table) <= sizeof(ar_table));
1532 
1533  RHASH_SET_ST_FLAG(ret);
1534  st_replace(RHASH_ST_TABLE(ret), RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash));
1535 
1536  rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(ret);
1537  }
1538  return ret;
1539 }
1540 
1541 static VALUE
1542 hash_dup_with_compare_by_id(VALUE hash)
1543 {
1544  VALUE dup = hash_alloc_flags(rb_cHash, 0, Qnil, RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash));
1545  if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1546  RHASH_SET_ST_FLAG(dup);
1547  }
1548  else {
1549  RHASH_UNSET_ST_FLAG(dup);
1550  }
1551 
1552  return hash_copy(dup, hash);
1553 }
1554 
1555 static VALUE
1556 hash_dup(VALUE hash, VALUE klass, VALUE flags)
1557 {
1558  return hash_copy(hash_alloc_flags(klass, flags, RHASH_IFNONE(hash), !RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash) && RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)),
1559  hash);
1560 }
1561 
1562 VALUE
1564 {
1565  const VALUE flags = RBASIC(hash)->flags;
1566  VALUE ret = hash_dup(hash, rb_obj_class(hash),
1567  flags & (FL_EXIVAR|RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT));
1568  if (flags & FL_EXIVAR)
1569  rb_copy_generic_ivar(ret, hash);
1570  return ret;
1571 }
1572 
1573 VALUE
1574 rb_hash_resurrect(VALUE hash)
1575 {
1576  VALUE ret = hash_dup(hash, rb_cHash, 0);
1577  return ret;
1578 }
1579 
1580 static void
1581 rb_hash_modify_check(VALUE hash)
1582 {
1583  rb_check_frozen(hash);
1584 }
1585 
1586 struct st_table *
1587 rb_hash_tbl_raw(VALUE hash, const char *file, int line)
1588 {
1589  return ar_force_convert_table(hash, file, line);
1590 }
1591 
1592 struct st_table *
1593 rb_hash_tbl(VALUE hash, const char *file, int line)
1594 {
1595  OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT(hash);
1596  return rb_hash_tbl_raw(hash, file, line);
1597 }
1598 
1599 static void
1600 rb_hash_modify(VALUE hash)
1601 {
1602  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
1603 }
1604 
1605 NORETURN(static void no_new_key(void));
1606 static void
1607 no_new_key(void)
1608 {
1609  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "can't add a new key into hash during iteration");
1610 }
1611 
1613  VALUE hash;
1614  st_data_t arg;
1615 };
1616 
1617 #define NOINSERT_UPDATE_CALLBACK(func) \
1618 static int \
1619 func##_noinsert(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, st_data_t arg, int existing) \
1620 { \
1621  if (!existing) no_new_key(); \
1622  return func(key, val, (struct update_arg *)arg, existing); \
1623 } \
1624  \
1625 static int \
1626 func##_insert(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, st_data_t arg, int existing) \
1627 { \
1628  return func(key, val, (struct update_arg *)arg, existing); \
1629 }
1630 
1631 struct update_arg {
1632  st_data_t arg;
1633  st_update_callback_func *func;
1634  VALUE hash;
1635  VALUE key;
1636  VALUE value;
1637 };
1638 
1639 typedef int (*tbl_update_func)(st_data_t *, st_data_t *, st_data_t, int);
1640 
1641 int
1642 rb_hash_stlike_update(VALUE hash, st_data_t key, st_update_callback_func *func, st_data_t arg)
1643 {
1644  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1645  int result = ar_update(hash, key, func, arg);
1646  if (result == -1) {
1647  ar_force_convert_table(hash, __FILE__, __LINE__);
1648  }
1649  else {
1650  return result;
1651  }
1652  }
1653 
1654  return st_update(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), key, func, arg);
1655 }
1656 
1657 static int
1658 tbl_update_modify(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, st_data_t arg, int existing)
1659 {
1660  struct update_arg *p = (struct update_arg *)arg;
1661  st_data_t old_key = *key;
1662  st_data_t old_value = *val;
1663  VALUE hash = p->hash;
1664  int ret = (p->func)(key, val, arg, existing);
1665  switch (ret) {
1666  default:
1667  break;
1668  case ST_CONTINUE:
1669  if (!existing || *key != old_key || *val != old_value) {
1670  rb_hash_modify(hash);
1671  p->key = *key;
1672  p->value = *val;
1673  }
1674  break;
1675  case ST_DELETE:
1676  if (existing)
1677  rb_hash_modify(hash);
1678  break;
1679  }
1680 
1681  return ret;
1682 }
1683 
1684 static int
1685 tbl_update(VALUE hash, VALUE key, tbl_update_func func, st_data_t optional_arg)
1686 {
1687  struct update_arg arg = {
1688  .arg = optional_arg,
1689  .func = func,
1690  .hash = hash,
1691  .key = key,
1692  .value = (VALUE)optional_arg,
1693  };
1694 
1695  int ret = rb_hash_stlike_update(hash, key, tbl_update_modify, (st_data_t)&arg);
1696 
1697  /* write barrier */
1698  RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, arg.key);
1699  RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, arg.value);
1700 
1701  return ret;
1702 }
1703 
1704 #define UPDATE_CALLBACK(iter_p, func) ((iter_p) ? func##_noinsert : func##_insert)
1705 
1706 #define RHASH_UPDATE_ITER(h, iter_p, key, func, a) do { \
1707  tbl_update((h), (key), UPDATE_CALLBACK(iter_p, func), (st_data_t)(a)); \
1708 } while (0)
1709 
1710 #define RHASH_UPDATE(hash, key, func, arg) \
1711  RHASH_UPDATE_ITER(hash, hash_iterating_p(hash), key, func, arg)
1712 
1713 static void
1714 set_proc_default(VALUE hash, VALUE proc)
1715 {
1716  if (rb_proc_lambda_p(proc)) {
1717  int n = rb_proc_arity(proc);
1718 
1719  if (n != 2 && (n >= 0 || n < -3)) {
1720  if (n < 0) n = -n-1;
1721  rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "default_proc takes two arguments (2 for %d)", n);
1722  }
1723  }
1724 
1725  FL_SET_RAW(hash, RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT);
1726  RHASH_SET_IFNONE(hash, proc);
1727 }
1728 
1729 static VALUE
1730 rb_hash_init(rb_execution_context_t *ec, VALUE hash, VALUE capa_value, VALUE ifnone_unset, VALUE ifnone, VALUE block)
1731 {
1732  rb_hash_modify(hash);
1733 
1734  if (capa_value != INT2FIX(0)) {
1735  long capa = NUM2LONG(capa_value);
1736  if (capa > 0 && RHASH_SIZE(hash) == 0 && RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1737  hash_st_table_init(hash, &objhash, capa);
1738  }
1739  }
1740 
1741  if (!NIL_P(block)) {
1742  if (ifnone_unset != Qtrue) {
1743  rb_check_arity(1, 0, 0);
1744  }
1745  else {
1746  SET_PROC_DEFAULT(hash, block);
1747  }
1748  }
1749  else {
1750  RHASH_SET_IFNONE(hash, ifnone_unset == Qtrue ? Qnil : ifnone);
1751  }
1752 
1753  hash_verify(hash);
1754  return hash;
1755 }
1756 
1757 static VALUE rb_hash_to_a(VALUE hash);
1758 
1759 /*
1760  * call-seq:
1761  * Hash[] -> new_empty_hash
1762  * Hash[hash] -> new_hash
1763  * Hash[ [*2_element_arrays] ] -> new_hash
1764  * Hash[*objects] -> new_hash
1765  *
1766  * Returns a new +Hash+ object populated with the given objects, if any.
1767  * See Hash::new.
1768  *
1769  * With no argument, returns a new empty +Hash+.
1770  *
1771  * When the single given argument is a +Hash+, returns a new +Hash+
1772  * populated with the entries from the given +Hash+, excluding the
1773  * default value or proc.
1774  *
1775  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
1776  * Hash[h] # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
1777  *
1778  * When the single given argument is an Array of 2-element Arrays,
1779  * returns a new +Hash+ object wherein each 2-element array forms a
1780  * key-value entry:
1781  *
1782  * Hash[ [ [:foo, 0], [:bar, 1] ] ] # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
1783  *
1784  * When the argument count is an even number;
1785  * returns a new +Hash+ object wherein each successive pair of arguments
1786  * has become a key-value entry:
1787  *
1788  * Hash[:foo, 0, :bar, 1] # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
1789  *
1790  * Raises an exception if the argument list does not conform to any
1791  * of the above.
1792  */
1793 
1794 static VALUE
1795 rb_hash_s_create(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
1796 {
1797  VALUE hash, tmp;
1798 
1799  if (argc == 1) {
1800  tmp = rb_hash_s_try_convert(Qnil, argv[0]);
1801  if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
1802  if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(tmp) && rb_hash_compare_by_id_p(tmp)) {
1803  /* hash_copy for non-empty hash will copy compare_by_identity
1804  flag, but we don't want it copied. Work around by
1805  converting hash to flattened array and using that. */
1806  tmp = rb_hash_to_a(tmp);
1807  }
1808  else {
1809  hash = hash_alloc(klass);
1810  if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(tmp))
1811  hash_copy(hash, tmp);
1812  return hash;
1813  }
1814  }
1815  else {
1816  tmp = rb_check_array_type(argv[0]);
1817  }
1818 
1819  if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
1820  long i;
1821 
1822  hash = hash_alloc(klass);
1823  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(tmp); ++i) {
1824  VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(tmp, i);
1825  VALUE v = rb_check_array_type(e);
1826  VALUE key, val = Qnil;
1827 
1828  if (NIL_P(v)) {
1829  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong element type %s at %ld (expected array)",
1830  rb_builtin_class_name(e), i);
1831  }
1832  switch (RARRAY_LEN(v)) {
1833  default:
1834  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid number of elements (%ld for 1..2)",
1835  RARRAY_LEN(v));
1836  case 2:
1837  val = RARRAY_AREF(v, 1);
1838  case 1:
1839  key = RARRAY_AREF(v, 0);
1840  rb_hash_aset(hash, key, val);
1841  }
1842  }
1843  return hash;
1844  }
1845  }
1846  if (argc % 2 != 0) {
1847  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "odd number of arguments for Hash");
1848  }
1849 
1850  hash = hash_alloc(klass);
1851  rb_hash_bulk_insert(argc, argv, hash);
1852  hash_verify(hash);
1853  return hash;
1854 }
1855 
1856 VALUE
1857 rb_to_hash_type(VALUE hash)
1858 {
1859  return rb_convert_type_with_id(hash, T_HASH, "Hash", idTo_hash);
1860 }
1861 #define to_hash rb_to_hash_type
1862 
1863 VALUE
1865 {
1866  return rb_check_convert_type_with_id(hash, T_HASH, "Hash", idTo_hash);
1867 }
1868 
1869 /*
1870  * call-seq:
1871  * Hash.try_convert(obj) -> obj, new_hash, or nil
1872  *
1873  * If +obj+ is a +Hash+ object, returns +obj+.
1874  *
1875  * Otherwise if +obj+ responds to <tt>:to_hash</tt>,
1876  * calls <tt>obj.to_hash</tt> and returns the result.
1877  *
1878  * Returns +nil+ if +obj+ does not respond to <tt>:to_hash</tt>
1879  *
1880  * Raises an exception unless <tt>obj.to_hash</tt> returns a +Hash+ object.
1881  */
1882 static VALUE
1883 rb_hash_s_try_convert(VALUE dummy, VALUE hash)
1884 {
1885  return rb_check_hash_type(hash);
1886 }
1887 
1888 /*
1889  * call-seq:
1890  * Hash.ruby2_keywords_hash?(hash) -> true or false
1891  *
1892  * Checks if a given hash is flagged by Module#ruby2_keywords (or
1893  * Proc#ruby2_keywords).
1894  * This method is not for casual use; debugging, researching, and
1895  * some truly necessary cases like serialization of arguments.
1896  *
1897  * ruby2_keywords def foo(*args)
1898  * Hash.ruby2_keywords_hash?(args.last)
1899  * end
1900  * foo(k: 1) #=> true
1901  * foo({k: 1}) #=> false
1902  */
1903 static VALUE
1904 rb_hash_s_ruby2_keywords_hash_p(VALUE dummy, VALUE hash)
1905 {
1906  Check_Type(hash, T_HASH);
1907  return RBOOL(RHASH(hash)->basic.flags & RHASH_PASS_AS_KEYWORDS);
1908 }
1909 
1910 /*
1911  * call-seq:
1912  * Hash.ruby2_keywords_hash(hash) -> hash
1913  *
1914  * Duplicates a given hash and adds a ruby2_keywords flag.
1915  * This method is not for casual use; debugging, researching, and
1916  * some truly necessary cases like deserialization of arguments.
1917  *
1918  * h = {k: 1}
1919  * h = Hash.ruby2_keywords_hash(h)
1920  * def foo(k: 42)
1921  * k
1922  * end
1923  * foo(*[h]) #=> 1 with neither a warning or an error
1924  */
1925 static VALUE
1926 rb_hash_s_ruby2_keywords_hash(VALUE dummy, VALUE hash)
1927 {
1928  Check_Type(hash, T_HASH);
1929  VALUE tmp = rb_hash_dup(hash);
1930  if (RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash) && rb_hash_compare_by_id_p(hash)) {
1931  rb_hash_compare_by_id(tmp);
1932  }
1933  RHASH(tmp)->basic.flags |= RHASH_PASS_AS_KEYWORDS;
1934  return tmp;
1935 }
1936 
1937 struct rehash_arg {
1938  VALUE hash;
1939  st_table *tbl;
1940 };
1941 
1942 static int
1943 rb_hash_rehash_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
1944 {
1945  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(arg)) {
1946  ar_insert(arg, (st_data_t)key, (st_data_t)value);
1947  }
1948  else {
1949  st_insert(RHASH_ST_TABLE(arg), (st_data_t)key, (st_data_t)value);
1950  }
1951  return ST_CONTINUE;
1952 }
1953 
1954 /*
1955  * call-seq:
1956  * hash.rehash -> self
1957  *
1958  * Rebuilds the hash table by recomputing the hash index for each key;
1959  * returns <tt>self</tt>.
1960  *
1961  * The hash table becomes invalid if the hash value of a key
1962  * has changed after the entry was created.
1963  * See {Modifying an Active Hash Key}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Modifying+an+Active+Hash+Key].
1964  */
1965 
1966 VALUE
1967 rb_hash_rehash(VALUE hash)
1968 {
1969  VALUE tmp;
1970  st_table *tbl;
1971 
1972  if (hash_iterating_p(hash)) {
1973  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "rehash during iteration");
1974  }
1975  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
1976  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1977  tmp = hash_alloc(0);
1978  rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_rehash_i, (VALUE)tmp);
1979 
1980  hash_ar_free_and_clear_table(hash);
1981  ar_copy(hash, tmp);
1982  }
1983  else if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
1984  st_table *old_tab = RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
1985  tmp = hash_alloc(0);
1986 
1987  hash_st_table_init(tmp, old_tab->type, old_tab->num_entries);
1988  tbl = RHASH_ST_TABLE(tmp);
1989 
1990  rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_rehash_i, (VALUE)tmp);
1991 
1992  hash_st_free(hash);
1993  RHASH_ST_TABLE_SET(hash, tbl);
1994  RHASH_ST_CLEAR(tmp);
1995  }
1996  hash_verify(hash);
1997  return hash;
1998 }
1999 
2000 static VALUE
2001 call_default_proc(VALUE proc, VALUE hash, VALUE key)
2002 {
2003  VALUE args[2] = {hash, key};
2004  return rb_proc_call_with_block(proc, 2, args, Qnil);
2005 }
2006 
2007 static bool
2008 rb_hash_default_unredefined(VALUE hash)
2009 {
2010  VALUE klass = RBASIC_CLASS(hash);
2011  if (LIKELY(klass == rb_cHash)) {
2012  return !!BASIC_OP_UNREDEFINED_P(BOP_DEFAULT, HASH_REDEFINED_OP_FLAG);
2013  }
2014  else {
2015  return LIKELY(rb_method_basic_definition_p(klass, id_default));
2016  }
2017 }
2018 
2019 VALUE
2020 rb_hash_default_value(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
2021 {
2022  RUBY_ASSERT(RB_TYPE_P(hash, T_HASH));
2023 
2024  if (LIKELY(rb_hash_default_unredefined(hash))) {
2025  VALUE ifnone = RHASH_IFNONE(hash);
2026  if (LIKELY(!FL_TEST_RAW(hash, RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT))) return ifnone;
2027  if (UNDEF_P(key)) return Qnil;
2028  return call_default_proc(ifnone, hash, key);
2029  }
2030  else {
2031  return rb_funcall(hash, id_default, 1, key);
2032  }
2033 }
2034 
2035 static inline int
2036 hash_stlike_lookup(VALUE hash, st_data_t key, st_data_t *pval)
2037 {
2038  hash_verify(hash);
2039 
2040  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
2041  return ar_lookup(hash, key, pval);
2042  }
2043  else {
2044  extern st_index_t rb_iseq_cdhash_hash(VALUE);
2045  RUBY_ASSERT(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash)->type->hash == rb_any_hash ||
2046  RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash)->type->hash == rb_ident_hash ||
2047  RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash)->type->hash == rb_iseq_cdhash_hash);
2048  return st_lookup(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), key, pval);
2049  }
2050 }
2051 
2052 int
2053 rb_hash_stlike_lookup(VALUE hash, st_data_t key, st_data_t *pval)
2054 {
2055  return hash_stlike_lookup(hash, key, pval);
2056 }
2057 
2058 /*
2059  * call-seq:
2060  * hash[key] -> value
2061  *
2062  * Returns the value associated with the given +key+, if found:
2063  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2064  * h[:foo] # => 0
2065  *
2066  * If +key+ is not found, returns a default value
2067  * (see {Default Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Default+Values]):
2068  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2069  * h[:nosuch] # => nil
2070  */
2071 
2072 VALUE
2074 {
2075  st_data_t val;
2076 
2077  if (hash_stlike_lookup(hash, key, &val)) {
2078  return (VALUE)val;
2079  }
2080  else {
2081  return rb_hash_default_value(hash, key);
2082  }
2083 }
2084 
2085 VALUE
2087 {
2088  st_data_t val;
2089 
2090  if (hash_stlike_lookup(hash, key, &val)) {
2091  return (VALUE)val;
2092  }
2093  else {
2094  return def; /* without Hash#default */
2095  }
2096 }
2097 
2098 VALUE
2100 {
2101  return rb_hash_lookup2(hash, key, Qnil);
2102 }
2103 
2104 /*
2105  * call-seq:
2106  * hash.fetch(key) -> object
2107  * hash.fetch(key, default_value) -> object
2108  * hash.fetch(key) {|key| ... } -> object
2109  *
2110  * Returns the value for the given +key+, if found.
2111  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2112  * h.fetch(:bar) # => 1
2113  *
2114  * If +key+ is not found and no block was given,
2115  * returns +default_value+:
2116  * {}.fetch(:nosuch, :default) # => :default
2117  *
2118  * If +key+ is not found and a block was given,
2119  * yields +key+ to the block and returns the block's return value:
2120  * {}.fetch(:nosuch) {|key| "No key #{key}"} # => "No key nosuch"
2121  *
2122  * Raises KeyError if neither +default_value+ nor a block was given.
2123  *
2124  * Note that this method does not use the values of either #default or #default_proc.
2125  */
2126 
2127 static VALUE
2128 rb_hash_fetch_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
2129 {
2130  VALUE key;
2131  st_data_t val;
2132  long block_given;
2133 
2134  rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
2135  key = argv[0];
2136 
2137  block_given = rb_block_given_p();
2138  if (block_given && argc == 2) {
2139  rb_warn("block supersedes default value argument");
2140  }
2141 
2142  if (hash_stlike_lookup(hash, key, &val)) {
2143  return (VALUE)val;
2144  }
2145  else {
2146  if (block_given) {
2147  return rb_yield(key);
2148  }
2149  else if (argc == 1) {
2150  VALUE desc = rb_protect(rb_inspect, key, 0);
2151  if (NIL_P(desc)) {
2152  desc = rb_any_to_s(key);
2153  }
2154  desc = rb_str_ellipsize(desc, 65);
2155  rb_key_err_raise(rb_sprintf("key not found: %"PRIsVALUE, desc), hash, key);
2156  }
2157  else {
2158  return argv[1];
2159  }
2160  }
2161 }
2162 
2163 VALUE
2165 {
2166  return rb_hash_fetch_m(1, &key, hash);
2167 }
2168 
2169 /*
2170  * call-seq:
2171  * hash.default -> object
2172  * hash.default(key) -> object
2173  *
2174  * Returns the default value for the given +key+.
2175  * The returned value will be determined either by the default proc or by the default value.
2176  * See {Default Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Default+Values].
2177  *
2178  * With no argument, returns the current default value:
2179  * h = {}
2180  * h.default # => nil
2181  *
2182  * If +key+ is given, returns the default value for +key+,
2183  * regardless of whether that key exists:
2184  * h = Hash.new { |hash, key| hash[key] = "No key #{key}"}
2185  * h[:foo] = "Hello"
2186  * h.default(:foo) # => "No key foo"
2187  */
2188 
2189 static VALUE
2190 rb_hash_default(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
2191 {
2192  VALUE ifnone;
2193 
2194  rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
2195  ifnone = RHASH_IFNONE(hash);
2196  if (FL_TEST(hash, RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT)) {
2197  if (argc == 0) return Qnil;
2198  return call_default_proc(ifnone, hash, argv[0]);
2199  }
2200  return ifnone;
2201 }
2202 
2203 /*
2204  * call-seq:
2205  * hash.default = value -> object
2206  *
2207  * Sets the default value to +value+; returns +value+:
2208  * h = {}
2209  * h.default # => nil
2210  * h.default = false # => false
2211  * h.default # => false
2212  *
2213  * See {Default Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Default+Values].
2214  */
2215 
2216 static VALUE
2217 rb_hash_set_default(VALUE hash, VALUE ifnone)
2218 {
2219  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2220  SET_DEFAULT(hash, ifnone);
2221  return ifnone;
2222 }
2223 
2224 /*
2225  * call-seq:
2226  * hash.default_proc -> proc or nil
2227  *
2228  * Returns the default proc for +self+
2229  * (see {Default Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Default+Values]):
2230  * h = {}
2231  * h.default_proc # => nil
2232  * h.default_proc = proc {|hash, key| "Default value for #{key}" }
2233  * h.default_proc.class # => Proc
2234  */
2235 
2236 static VALUE
2237 rb_hash_default_proc(VALUE hash)
2238 {
2239  if (FL_TEST(hash, RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT)) {
2240  return RHASH_IFNONE(hash);
2241  }
2242  return Qnil;
2243 }
2244 
2245 /*
2246  * call-seq:
2247  * hash.default_proc = proc -> proc
2248  *
2249  * Sets the default proc for +self+ to +proc+
2250  * (see {Default Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Default+Values]):
2251  * h = {}
2252  * h.default_proc # => nil
2253  * h.default_proc = proc { |hash, key| "Default value for #{key}" }
2254  * h.default_proc.class # => Proc
2255  * h.default_proc = nil
2256  * h.default_proc # => nil
2257  */
2258 
2259 VALUE
2260 rb_hash_set_default_proc(VALUE hash, VALUE proc)
2261 {
2262  VALUE b;
2263 
2264  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2265  if (NIL_P(proc)) {
2266  SET_DEFAULT(hash, proc);
2267  return proc;
2268  }
2269  b = rb_check_convert_type_with_id(proc, T_DATA, "Proc", idTo_proc);
2270  if (NIL_P(b) || !rb_obj_is_proc(b)) {
2272  "wrong default_proc type %s (expected Proc)",
2273  rb_obj_classname(proc));
2274  }
2275  proc = b;
2276  SET_PROC_DEFAULT(hash, proc);
2277  return proc;
2278 }
2279 
2280 static int
2281 key_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
2282 {
2283  VALUE *args = (VALUE *)arg;
2284 
2285  if (rb_equal(value, args[0])) {
2286  args[1] = key;
2287  return ST_STOP;
2288  }
2289  return ST_CONTINUE;
2290 }
2291 
2292 /*
2293  * call-seq:
2294  * hash.key(value) -> key or nil
2295  *
2296  * Returns the key for the first-found entry with the given +value+
2297  * (see {Entry Order}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Entry+Order]):
2298  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 2, baz: 2}
2299  * h.key(0) # => :foo
2300  * h.key(2) # => :bar
2301  *
2302  * Returns +nil+ if no such value is found.
2303  */
2304 
2305 static VALUE
2306 rb_hash_key(VALUE hash, VALUE value)
2307 {
2308  VALUE args[2];
2309 
2310  args[0] = value;
2311  args[1] = Qnil;
2312 
2313  rb_hash_foreach(hash, key_i, (VALUE)args);
2314 
2315  return args[1];
2316 }
2317 
2318 int
2319 rb_hash_stlike_delete(VALUE hash, st_data_t *pkey, st_data_t *pval)
2320 {
2321  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
2322  return ar_delete(hash, pkey, pval);
2323  }
2324  else {
2325  return st_delete(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), pkey, pval);
2326  }
2327 }
2328 
2329 /*
2330  * delete a specified entry by a given key.
2331  * if there is the corresponding entry, return a value of the entry.
2332  * if there is no corresponding entry, return Qundef.
2333  */
2334 VALUE
2335 rb_hash_delete_entry(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
2336 {
2337  st_data_t ktmp = (st_data_t)key, val;
2338 
2339  if (rb_hash_stlike_delete(hash, &ktmp, &val)) {
2340  return (VALUE)val;
2341  }
2342  else {
2343  return Qundef;
2344  }
2345 }
2346 
2347 /*
2348  * delete a specified entry by a given key.
2349  * if there is the corresponding entry, return a value of the entry.
2350  * if there is no corresponding entry, return Qnil.
2351  */
2352 VALUE
2354 {
2355  VALUE deleted_value = rb_hash_delete_entry(hash, key);
2356 
2357  if (!UNDEF_P(deleted_value)) { /* likely pass */
2358  return deleted_value;
2359  }
2360  else {
2361  return Qnil;
2362  }
2363 }
2364 
2365 /*
2366  * call-seq:
2367  * hash.delete(key) -> value or nil
2368  * hash.delete(key) {|key| ... } -> object
2369  *
2370  * Deletes the entry for the given +key+ and returns its associated value.
2371  *
2372  * If no block is given and +key+ is found, deletes the entry and returns the associated value:
2373  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2374  * h.delete(:bar) # => 1
2375  * h # => {:foo=>0, :baz=>2}
2376  *
2377  * If no block given and +key+ is not found, returns +nil+.
2378  *
2379  * If a block is given and +key+ is found, ignores the block,
2380  * deletes the entry, and returns the associated value:
2381  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2382  * h.delete(:baz) { |key| raise 'Will never happen'} # => 2
2383  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
2384  *
2385  * If a block is given and +key+ is not found,
2386  * calls the block and returns the block's return value:
2387  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2388  * h.delete(:nosuch) { |key| "Key #{key} not found" } # => "Key nosuch not found"
2389  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
2390  */
2391 
2392 static VALUE
2393 rb_hash_delete_m(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
2394 {
2395  VALUE val;
2396 
2397  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2398  val = rb_hash_delete_entry(hash, key);
2399 
2400  if (!UNDEF_P(val)) {
2401  compact_after_delete(hash);
2402  return val;
2403  }
2404  else {
2405  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
2406  return rb_yield(key);
2407  }
2408  else {
2409  return Qnil;
2410  }
2411  }
2412 }
2413 
2414 struct shift_var {
2415  VALUE key;
2416  VALUE val;
2417 };
2418 
2419 static int
2420 shift_i_safe(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
2421 {
2422  struct shift_var *var = (struct shift_var *)arg;
2423 
2424  var->key = key;
2425  var->val = value;
2426  return ST_STOP;
2427 }
2428 
2429 /*
2430  * call-seq:
2431  * hash.shift -> [key, value] or nil
2432  *
2433  * Removes the first hash entry
2434  * (see {Entry Order}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Entry+Order]);
2435  * returns a 2-element Array containing the removed key and value:
2436  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2437  * h.shift # => [:foo, 0]
2438  * h # => {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}
2439  *
2440  * Returns nil if the hash is empty.
2441  */
2442 
2443 static VALUE
2444 rb_hash_shift(VALUE hash)
2445 {
2446  struct shift_var var;
2447 
2448  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2449  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
2450  var.key = Qundef;
2451  if (!hash_iterating_p(hash)) {
2452  if (ar_shift(hash, &var.key, &var.val)) {
2453  return rb_assoc_new(var.key, var.val);
2454  }
2455  }
2456  else {
2457  rb_hash_foreach(hash, shift_i_safe, (VALUE)&var);
2458  if (!UNDEF_P(var.key)) {
2459  rb_hash_delete_entry(hash, var.key);
2460  return rb_assoc_new(var.key, var.val);
2461  }
2462  }
2463  }
2464  if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
2465  var.key = Qundef;
2466  if (!hash_iterating_p(hash)) {
2467  if (st_shift(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash), &var.key, &var.val)) {
2468  return rb_assoc_new(var.key, var.val);
2469  }
2470  }
2471  else {
2472  rb_hash_foreach(hash, shift_i_safe, (VALUE)&var);
2473  if (!UNDEF_P(var.key)) {
2474  rb_hash_delete_entry(hash, var.key);
2475  return rb_assoc_new(var.key, var.val);
2476  }
2477  }
2478  }
2479  return Qnil;
2480 }
2481 
2482 static int
2483 delete_if_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
2484 {
2485  if (RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, key, value))) {
2486  rb_hash_modify(hash);
2487  return ST_DELETE;
2488  }
2489  return ST_CONTINUE;
2490 }
2491 
2492 static VALUE
2493 hash_enum_size(VALUE hash, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
2494 {
2495  return rb_hash_size(hash);
2496 }
2497 
2498 /*
2499  * call-seq:
2500  * hash.delete_if {|key, value| ... } -> self
2501  * hash.delete_if -> new_enumerator
2502  *
2503  * If a block given, calls the block with each key-value pair;
2504  * deletes each entry for which the block returns a truthy value;
2505  * returns +self+:
2506  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2507  * h.delete_if {|key, value| value > 0 } # => {:foo=>0}
2508  *
2509  * If no block given, returns a new Enumerator:
2510  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2511  * e = h.delete_if # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:delete_if>
2512  * e.each { |key, value| value > 0 } # => {:foo=>0}
2513  */
2514 
2515 VALUE
2517 {
2518  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
2519  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2520  if (!RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
2521  rb_hash_foreach(hash, delete_if_i, hash);
2522  compact_after_delete(hash);
2523  }
2524  return hash;
2525 }
2526 
2527 /*
2528  * call-seq:
2529  * hash.reject! {|key, value| ... } -> self or nil
2530  * hash.reject! -> new_enumerator
2531  *
2532  * Returns +self+, whose remaining entries are those
2533  * for which the block returns +false+ or +nil+:
2534  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2535  * h.reject! {|key, value| value < 2 } # => {:baz=>2}
2536  *
2537  * Returns +nil+ if no entries are removed.
2538  *
2539  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
2540  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2541  * e = h.reject! # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:reject!>
2542  * e.each {|key, value| key.start_with?('b') } # => {:foo=>0}
2543  */
2544 
2545 static VALUE
2546 rb_hash_reject_bang(VALUE hash)
2547 {
2548  st_index_t n;
2549 
2550  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
2551  rb_hash_modify(hash);
2552  n = RHASH_SIZE(hash);
2553  if (!n) return Qnil;
2554  rb_hash_foreach(hash, delete_if_i, hash);
2555  if (n == RHASH_SIZE(hash)) return Qnil;
2556  return hash;
2557 }
2558 
2559 /*
2560  * call-seq:
2561  * hash.reject {|key, value| ... } -> new_hash
2562  * hash.reject -> new_enumerator
2563  *
2564  * Returns a new +Hash+ object whose entries are all those
2565  * from +self+ for which the block returns +false+ or +nil+:
2566  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2567  * h1 = h.reject {|key, value| key.start_with?('b') }
2568  * h1 # => {:foo=>0}
2569  *
2570  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
2571  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2572  * e = h.reject # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:reject>
2573  * h1 = e.each {|key, value| key.start_with?('b') }
2574  * h1 # => {:foo=>0}
2575  */
2576 
2577 static VALUE
2578 rb_hash_reject(VALUE hash)
2579 {
2580  VALUE result;
2581 
2582  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
2583  result = hash_dup_with_compare_by_id(hash);
2584  if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
2585  rb_hash_foreach(result, delete_if_i, result);
2586  compact_after_delete(result);
2587  }
2588  return result;
2589 }
2590 
2591 /*
2592  * call-seq:
2593  * hash.slice(*keys) -> new_hash
2594  *
2595  * Returns a new +Hash+ object containing the entries for the given +keys+:
2596  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2597  * h.slice(:baz, :foo) # => {:baz=>2, :foo=>0}
2598  *
2599  * Any given +keys+ that are not found are ignored.
2600  */
2601 
2602 static VALUE
2603 rb_hash_slice(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
2604 {
2605  int i;
2606  VALUE key, value, result;
2607 
2608  if (argc == 0 || RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
2609  return copy_compare_by_id(rb_hash_new(), hash);
2610  }
2611  result = copy_compare_by_id(rb_hash_new_with_size(argc), hash);
2612 
2613  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2614  key = argv[i];
2615  value = rb_hash_lookup2(hash, key, Qundef);
2616  if (!UNDEF_P(value))
2617  rb_hash_aset(result, key, value);
2618  }
2619 
2620  return result;
2621 }
2622 
2623 /*
2624  * call-seq:
2625  * hsh.except(*keys) -> a_hash
2626  *
2627  * Returns a new +Hash+ excluding entries for the given +keys+:
2628  * h = { a: 100, b: 200, c: 300 }
2629  * h.except(:a) #=> {:b=>200, :c=>300}
2630  *
2631  * Any given +keys+ that are not found are ignored.
2632  */
2633 
2634 static VALUE
2635 rb_hash_except(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
2636 {
2637  int i;
2638  VALUE key, result;
2639 
2640  result = hash_dup_with_compare_by_id(hash);
2641 
2642  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
2643  key = argv[i];
2644  rb_hash_delete(result, key);
2645  }
2646  compact_after_delete(result);
2647 
2648  return result;
2649 }
2650 
2651 /*
2652  * call-seq:
2653  * hash.values_at(*keys) -> new_array
2654  *
2655  * Returns a new Array containing values for the given +keys+:
2656  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2657  * h.values_at(:baz, :foo) # => [2, 0]
2658  *
2659  * The {default values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Default+Values] are returned
2660  * for any keys that are not found:
2661  * h.values_at(:hello, :foo) # => [nil, 0]
2662  */
2663 
2664 static VALUE
2665 rb_hash_values_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
2666 {
2667  VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(argc);
2668  long i;
2669 
2670  for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
2671  rb_ary_push(result, rb_hash_aref(hash, argv[i]));
2672  }
2673  return result;
2674 }
2675 
2676 /*
2677  * call-seq:
2678  * hash.fetch_values(*keys) -> new_array
2679  * hash.fetch_values(*keys) {|key| ... } -> new_array
2680  *
2681  * Returns a new Array containing the values associated with the given keys *keys:
2682  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2683  * h.fetch_values(:baz, :foo) # => [2, 0]
2684  *
2685  * Returns a new empty Array if no arguments given.
2686  *
2687  * When a block is given, calls the block with each missing key,
2688  * treating the block's return value as the value for that key:
2689  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2690  * values = h.fetch_values(:bar, :foo, :bad, :bam) {|key| key.to_s}
2691  * values # => [1, 0, "bad", "bam"]
2692  *
2693  * When no block is given, raises an exception if any given key is not found.
2694  */
2695 
2696 static VALUE
2697 rb_hash_fetch_values(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
2698 {
2699  VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(argc);
2700  long i;
2701 
2702  for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
2703  rb_ary_push(result, rb_hash_fetch(hash, argv[i]));
2704  }
2705  return result;
2706 }
2707 
2708 static int
2709 keep_if_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
2710 {
2711  if (!RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, key, value))) {
2712  rb_hash_modify(hash);
2713  return ST_DELETE;
2714  }
2715  return ST_CONTINUE;
2716 }
2717 
2718 /*
2719  * call-seq:
2720  * hash.select {|key, value| ... } -> new_hash
2721  * hash.select -> new_enumerator
2722  *
2723  * Returns a new +Hash+ object whose entries are those for which the block returns a truthy value:
2724  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2725  * h.select {|key, value| value < 2 } # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
2726  *
2727  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
2728  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2729  * e = h.select # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:select>
2730  * e.each {|key, value| value < 2 } # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
2731  */
2732 
2733 static VALUE
2734 rb_hash_select(VALUE hash)
2735 {
2736  VALUE result;
2737 
2738  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
2739  result = hash_dup_with_compare_by_id(hash);
2740  if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
2741  rb_hash_foreach(result, keep_if_i, result);
2742  compact_after_delete(result);
2743  }
2744  return result;
2745 }
2746 
2747 /*
2748  * call-seq:
2749  * hash.select! {|key, value| ... } -> self or nil
2750  * hash.select! -> new_enumerator
2751  *
2752  * Returns +self+, whose entries are those for which the block returns a truthy value:
2753  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2754  * h.select! {|key, value| value < 2 } => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
2755  *
2756  * Returns +nil+ if no entries were removed.
2757  *
2758  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
2759  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2760  * e = h.select! # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:select!>
2761  * e.each { |key, value| value < 2 } # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
2762  */
2763 
2764 static VALUE
2765 rb_hash_select_bang(VALUE hash)
2766 {
2767  st_index_t n;
2768 
2769  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
2770  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2771  n = RHASH_SIZE(hash);
2772  if (!n) return Qnil;
2773  rb_hash_foreach(hash, keep_if_i, hash);
2774  if (n == RHASH_SIZE(hash)) return Qnil;
2775  return hash;
2776 }
2777 
2778 /*
2779  * call-seq:
2780  * hash.keep_if {|key, value| ... } -> self
2781  * hash.keep_if -> new_enumerator
2782  *
2783  * Calls the block for each key-value pair;
2784  * retains the entry if the block returns a truthy value;
2785  * otherwise deletes the entry; returns +self+.
2786  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2787  * h.keep_if { |key, value| key.start_with?('b') } # => {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}
2788  *
2789  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
2790  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2791  * e = h.keep_if # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:keep_if>
2792  * e.each { |key, value| key.start_with?('b') } # => {:bar=>1, :baz=>2}
2793  */
2794 
2795 static VALUE
2796 rb_hash_keep_if(VALUE hash)
2797 {
2798  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
2799  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2800  if (!RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
2801  rb_hash_foreach(hash, keep_if_i, hash);
2802  }
2803  return hash;
2804 }
2805 
2806 static int
2807 clear_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE dummy)
2808 {
2809  return ST_DELETE;
2810 }
2811 
2812 /*
2813  * call-seq:
2814  * hash.clear -> self
2815  *
2816  * Removes all hash entries; returns +self+.
2817  */
2818 
2819 VALUE
2821 {
2822  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2823 
2824  if (hash_iterating_p(hash)) {
2825  rb_hash_foreach(hash, clear_i, 0);
2826  }
2827  else if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
2828  ar_clear(hash);
2829  }
2830  else {
2831  st_clear(RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash));
2832  compact_after_delete(hash);
2833  }
2834 
2835  return hash;
2836 }
2837 
2838 static int
2839 hash_aset(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, struct update_arg *arg, int existing)
2840 {
2841  *val = arg->arg;
2842  return ST_CONTINUE;
2843 }
2844 
2845 VALUE
2846 rb_hash_key_str(VALUE key)
2847 {
2848  if (!RB_FL_ANY_RAW(key, FL_EXIVAR) && RBASIC_CLASS(key) == rb_cString) {
2849  return rb_fstring(key);
2850  }
2851  else {
2852  return rb_str_new_frozen(key);
2853  }
2854 }
2855 
2856 static int
2857 hash_aset_str(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, struct update_arg *arg, int existing)
2858 {
2859  if (!existing && !RB_OBJ_FROZEN(*key)) {
2860  *key = rb_hash_key_str(*key);
2861  }
2862  return hash_aset(key, val, arg, existing);
2863 }
2864 
2865 NOINSERT_UPDATE_CALLBACK(hash_aset)
2866 NOINSERT_UPDATE_CALLBACK(hash_aset_str)
2867 
2868 /*
2869  * call-seq:
2870  * hash[key] = value -> value
2871  * hash.store(key, value)
2872  *
2873  * Associates the given +value+ with the given +key+; returns +value+.
2874  *
2875  * If the given +key+ exists, replaces its value with the given +value+;
2876  * the ordering is not affected
2877  * (see {Entry Order}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Entry+Order]):
2878  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
2879  * h[:foo] = 2 # => 2
2880  * h.store(:bar, 3) # => 3
2881  * h # => {:foo=>2, :bar=>3}
2882  *
2883  * If +key+ does not exist, adds the +key+ and +value+;
2884  * the new entry is last in the order
2885  * (see {Entry Order}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Entry+Order]):
2886  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
2887  * h[:baz] = 2 # => 2
2888  * h.store(:bat, 3) # => 3
2889  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2, :bat=>3}
2890  */
2891 
2892 VALUE
2894 {
2895  bool iter_p = hash_iterating_p(hash);
2896 
2897  rb_hash_modify(hash);
2898 
2899  if (!RHASH_STRING_KEY_P(hash, key)) {
2900  RHASH_UPDATE_ITER(hash, iter_p, key, hash_aset, val);
2901  }
2902  else {
2903  RHASH_UPDATE_ITER(hash, iter_p, key, hash_aset_str, val);
2904  }
2905  return val;
2906 }
2907 
2908 /*
2909  * call-seq:
2910  * hash.replace(other_hash) -> self
2911  *
2912  * Replaces the entire contents of +self+ with the contents of +other_hash+;
2913  * returns +self+:
2914  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2915  * h.replace({bat: 3, bam: 4}) # => {:bat=>3, :bam=>4}
2916  */
2917 
2918 static VALUE
2919 rb_hash_replace(VALUE hash, VALUE hash2)
2920 {
2921  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
2922  if (hash == hash2) return hash;
2923  if (hash_iterating_p(hash)) {
2924  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "can't replace hash during iteration");
2925  }
2926  hash2 = to_hash(hash2);
2927 
2928  COPY_DEFAULT(hash, hash2);
2929 
2930  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
2931  hash_ar_free_and_clear_table(hash);
2932  }
2933  else {
2934  hash_st_free_and_clear_table(hash);
2935  }
2936 
2937  hash_copy(hash, hash2);
2938 
2939  return hash;
2940 }
2941 
2942 /*
2943  * call-seq:
2944  * hash.length -> integer
2945  * hash.size -> integer
2946  *
2947  * Returns the count of entries in +self+:
2948  *
2949  * {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}.length # => 3
2950  *
2951  */
2952 
2953 VALUE
2955 {
2956  return INT2FIX(RHASH_SIZE(hash));
2957 }
2958 
2959 size_t
2961 {
2962  return (long)RHASH_SIZE(hash);
2963 }
2964 
2965 /*
2966  * call-seq:
2967  * hash.empty? -> true or false
2968  *
2969  * Returns +true+ if there are no hash entries, +false+ otherwise:
2970  * {}.empty? # => true
2971  * {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}.empty? # => false
2972  */
2973 
2974 VALUE
2975 rb_hash_empty_p(VALUE hash)
2976 {
2977  return RBOOL(RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash));
2978 }
2979 
2980 static int
2981 each_value_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE _)
2982 {
2983  rb_yield(value);
2984  return ST_CONTINUE;
2985 }
2986 
2987 /*
2988  * call-seq:
2989  * hash.each_value {|value| ... } -> self
2990  * hash.each_value -> new_enumerator
2991  *
2992  * Calls the given block with each value; returns +self+:
2993  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
2994  * h.each_value {|value| puts value } # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
2995  * Output:
2996  * 0
2997  * 1
2998  * 2
2999  *
3000  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
3001  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3002  * e = h.each_value # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:each_value>
3003  * h1 = e.each {|value| puts value }
3004  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
3005  * Output:
3006  * 0
3007  * 1
3008  * 2
3009  */
3010 
3011 static VALUE
3012 rb_hash_each_value(VALUE hash)
3013 {
3014  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
3015  rb_hash_foreach(hash, each_value_i, 0);
3016  return hash;
3017 }
3018 
3019 static int
3020 each_key_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE _)
3021 {
3022  rb_yield(key);
3023  return ST_CONTINUE;
3024 }
3025 
3026 /*
3027  * call-seq:
3028  * hash.each_key {|key| ... } -> self
3029  * hash.each_key -> new_enumerator
3030  *
3031  * Calls the given block with each key; returns +self+:
3032  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3033  * h.each_key {|key| puts key } # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
3034  * Output:
3035  * foo
3036  * bar
3037  * baz
3038  *
3039  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
3040  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3041  * e = h.each_key # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:each_key>
3042  * h1 = e.each {|key| puts key }
3043  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
3044  * Output:
3045  * foo
3046  * bar
3047  * baz
3048  */
3049 static VALUE
3050 rb_hash_each_key(VALUE hash)
3051 {
3052  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
3053  rb_hash_foreach(hash, each_key_i, 0);
3054  return hash;
3055 }
3056 
3057 static int
3058 each_pair_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE _)
3059 {
3060  rb_yield(rb_assoc_new(key, value));
3061  return ST_CONTINUE;
3062 }
3063 
3064 static int
3065 each_pair_i_fast(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE _)
3066 {
3067  VALUE argv[2];
3068  argv[0] = key;
3069  argv[1] = value;
3070  rb_yield_values2(2, argv);
3071  return ST_CONTINUE;
3072 }
3073 
3074 /*
3075  * call-seq:
3076  * hash.each {|key, value| ... } -> self
3077  * hash.each_pair {|key, value| ... } -> self
3078  * hash.each -> new_enumerator
3079  * hash.each_pair -> new_enumerator
3080  *
3081  * Calls the given block with each key-value pair; returns +self+:
3082  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3083  * h.each_pair {|key, value| puts "#{key}: #{value}"} # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
3084  * Output:
3085  * foo: 0
3086  * bar: 1
3087  * baz: 2
3088  *
3089  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
3090  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3091  * e = h.each_pair # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:each_pair>
3092  * h1 = e.each {|key, value| puts "#{key}: #{value}"}
3093  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
3094  * Output:
3095  * foo: 0
3096  * bar: 1
3097  * baz: 2
3098  */
3099 
3100 static VALUE
3101 rb_hash_each_pair(VALUE hash)
3102 {
3103  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
3104  if (rb_block_pair_yield_optimizable())
3105  rb_hash_foreach(hash, each_pair_i_fast, 0);
3106  else
3107  rb_hash_foreach(hash, each_pair_i, 0);
3108  return hash;
3109 }
3110 
3112  VALUE trans;
3113  VALUE result;
3114  int block_given;
3115 };
3116 
3117 static int
3118 transform_keys_hash_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE transarg)
3119 {
3120  struct transform_keys_args *p = (void *)transarg;
3121  VALUE trans = p->trans, result = p->result;
3122  VALUE new_key = rb_hash_lookup2(trans, key, Qundef);
3123  if (UNDEF_P(new_key)) {
3124  if (p->block_given)
3125  new_key = rb_yield(key);
3126  else
3127  new_key = key;
3128  }
3129  rb_hash_aset(result, new_key, value);
3130  return ST_CONTINUE;
3131 }
3132 
3133 static int
3134 transform_keys_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE result)
3135 {
3136  VALUE new_key = rb_yield(key);
3137  rb_hash_aset(result, new_key, value);
3138  return ST_CONTINUE;
3139 }
3140 
3141 /*
3142  * call-seq:
3143  * hash.transform_keys {|key| ... } -> new_hash
3144  * hash.transform_keys(hash2) -> new_hash
3145  * hash.transform_keys(hash2) {|other_key| ...} -> new_hash
3146  * hash.transform_keys -> new_enumerator
3147  *
3148  * Returns a new +Hash+ object; each entry has:
3149  * * A key provided by the block.
3150  * * The value from +self+.
3151  *
3152  * An optional hash argument can be provided to map keys to new keys.
3153  * Any key not given will be mapped using the provided block,
3154  * or remain the same if no block is given.
3155  *
3156  * Transform keys:
3157  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3158  * h1 = h.transform_keys {|key| key.to_s }
3159  * h1 # => {"foo"=>0, "bar"=>1, "baz"=>2}
3160  *
3161  * h.transform_keys(foo: :bar, bar: :foo)
3162  * #=> {bar: 0, foo: 1, baz: 2}
3163  *
3164  * h.transform_keys(foo: :hello, &:to_s)
3165  * #=> {:hello=>0, "bar"=>1, "baz"=>2}
3166  *
3167  * Overwrites values for duplicate keys:
3168  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3169  * h1 = h.transform_keys {|key| :bat }
3170  * h1 # => {:bat=>2}
3171  *
3172  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
3173  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3174  * e = h.transform_keys # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:transform_keys>
3175  * h1 = e.each { |key| key.to_s }
3176  * h1 # => {"foo"=>0, "bar"=>1, "baz"=>2}
3177  */
3178 static VALUE
3179 rb_hash_transform_keys(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
3180 {
3181  VALUE result;
3182  struct transform_keys_args transarg = {0};
3183 
3184  argc = rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
3185  if (argc > 0) {
3186  transarg.trans = to_hash(argv[0]);
3187  transarg.block_given = rb_block_given_p();
3188  }
3189  else {
3190  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
3191  }
3192  result = rb_hash_new();
3193  if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
3194  if (transarg.trans) {
3195  transarg.result = result;
3196  rb_hash_foreach(hash, transform_keys_hash_i, (VALUE)&transarg);
3197  }
3198  else {
3199  rb_hash_foreach(hash, transform_keys_i, result);
3200  }
3201  }
3202 
3203  return result;
3204 }
3205 
3206 static int flatten_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE ary);
3207 
3208 /*
3209  * call-seq:
3210  * hash.transform_keys! {|key| ... } -> self
3211  * hash.transform_keys!(hash2) -> self
3212  * hash.transform_keys!(hash2) {|other_key| ...} -> self
3213  * hash.transform_keys! -> new_enumerator
3214  *
3215  * Same as Hash#transform_keys but modifies the receiver in place
3216  * instead of returning a new hash.
3217  */
3218 static VALUE
3219 rb_hash_transform_keys_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
3220 {
3221  VALUE trans = 0;
3222  int block_given = 0;
3223 
3224  argc = rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
3225  if (argc > 0) {
3226  trans = to_hash(argv[0]);
3227  block_given = rb_block_given_p();
3228  }
3229  else {
3230  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
3231  }
3232  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
3233  if (!RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
3234  long i;
3235  VALUE new_keys = hash_alloc(0);
3236  VALUE pairs = rb_ary_hidden_new(RHASH_SIZE(hash) * 2);
3237  rb_hash_foreach(hash, flatten_i, pairs);
3238  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(pairs); i += 2) {
3239  VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(pairs, i), new_key, val;
3240 
3241  if (!trans) {
3242  new_key = rb_yield(key);
3243  }
3244  else if (!UNDEF_P(new_key = rb_hash_lookup2(trans, key, Qundef))) {
3245  /* use the transformed key */
3246  }
3247  else if (block_given) {
3248  new_key = rb_yield(key);
3249  }
3250  else {
3251  new_key = key;
3252  }
3253  val = RARRAY_AREF(pairs, i+1);
3254  if (!hash_stlike_lookup(new_keys, key, NULL)) {
3255  rb_hash_stlike_delete(hash, &key, NULL);
3256  }
3257  rb_hash_aset(hash, new_key, val);
3258  rb_hash_aset(new_keys, new_key, Qnil);
3259  }
3260  rb_ary_clear(pairs);
3261  rb_hash_clear(new_keys);
3262  }
3263  compact_after_delete(hash);
3264  return hash;
3265 }
3266 
3267 static int
3268 transform_values_foreach_func(st_data_t key, st_data_t value, st_data_t argp, int error)
3269 {
3270  return ST_REPLACE;
3271 }
3272 
3273 static int
3274 transform_values_foreach_replace(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, st_data_t argp, int existing)
3275 {
3276  VALUE new_value = rb_yield((VALUE)*value);
3277  VALUE hash = (VALUE)argp;
3278  rb_hash_modify(hash);
3279  RB_OBJ_WRITE(hash, value, new_value);
3280  return ST_CONTINUE;
3281 }
3282 
3283 /*
3284  * call-seq:
3285  * hash.transform_values {|value| ... } -> new_hash
3286  * hash.transform_values -> new_enumerator
3287  *
3288  * Returns a new +Hash+ object; each entry has:
3289  * * A key from +self+.
3290  * * A value provided by the block.
3291  *
3292  * Transform values:
3293  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3294  * h1 = h.transform_values {|value| value * 100}
3295  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>100, :baz=>200}
3296  *
3297  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
3298  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3299  * e = h.transform_values # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}:transform_values>
3300  * h1 = e.each { |value| value * 100}
3301  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>100, :baz=>200}
3302  */
3303 static VALUE
3304 rb_hash_transform_values(VALUE hash)
3305 {
3306  VALUE result;
3307 
3308  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
3309  result = hash_dup_with_compare_by_id(hash);
3310  SET_DEFAULT(result, Qnil);
3311 
3312  if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
3313  rb_hash_stlike_foreach_with_replace(result, transform_values_foreach_func, transform_values_foreach_replace, result);
3314  compact_after_delete(result);
3315  }
3316 
3317  return result;
3318 }
3319 
3320 /*
3321  * call-seq:
3322  * hash.transform_values! {|value| ... } -> self
3323  * hash.transform_values! -> new_enumerator
3324  *
3325  * Returns +self+, whose keys are unchanged, and whose values are determined by the given block.
3326  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3327  * h.transform_values! {|value| value * 100} # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>100, :baz=>200}
3328  *
3329  * Returns a new Enumerator if no block given:
3330  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3331  * e = h.transform_values! # => #<Enumerator: {:foo=>0, :bar=>100, :baz=>200}:transform_values!>
3332  * h1 = e.each {|value| value * 100}
3333  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>100, :baz=>200}
3334  */
3335 static VALUE
3336 rb_hash_transform_values_bang(VALUE hash)
3337 {
3338  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(hash, 0, 0, hash_enum_size);
3339  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
3340 
3341  if (!RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
3342  rb_hash_stlike_foreach_with_replace(hash, transform_values_foreach_func, transform_values_foreach_replace, hash);
3343  }
3344 
3345  return hash;
3346 }
3347 
3348 static int
3349 to_a_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ary)
3350 {
3351  rb_ary_push(ary, rb_assoc_new(key, value));
3352  return ST_CONTINUE;
3353 }
3354 
3355 /*
3356  * call-seq:
3357  * hash.to_a -> new_array
3358  *
3359  * Returns a new Array of 2-element Array objects;
3360  * each nested Array contains a key-value pair from +self+:
3361  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3362  * h.to_a # => [[:foo, 0], [:bar, 1], [:baz, 2]]
3363  */
3364 
3365 static VALUE
3366 rb_hash_to_a(VALUE hash)
3367 {
3368  VALUE ary;
3369 
3370  ary = rb_ary_new_capa(RHASH_SIZE(hash));
3371  rb_hash_foreach(hash, to_a_i, ary);
3372 
3373  return ary;
3374 }
3375 
3376 static bool
3377 symbol_key_needs_quote(VALUE str)
3378 {
3379  long len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
3380  if (len == 0 || !rb_str_symname_p(str)) return true;
3381  const char *s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
3382  char first = s[0];
3383  if (first == '@' || first == '$' || first == '!') return true;
3384  if (!at_char_boundary(s, s + len - 1, RSTRING_END(str), rb_enc_get(str))) return false;
3385  switch (s[len - 1]) {
3386  case '+':
3387  case '-':
3388  case '*':
3389  case '/':
3390  case '`':
3391  case '%':
3392  case '^':
3393  case '&':
3394  case '|':
3395  case ']':
3396  case '<':
3397  case '=':
3398  case '>':
3399  case '~':
3400  case '@':
3401  return true;
3402  default:
3403  return false;
3404  }
3405 }
3406 
3407 static int
3408 inspect_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE str)
3409 {
3410  VALUE str2;
3411 
3412  bool is_symbol = SYMBOL_P(key);
3413  bool quote = false;
3414  if (is_symbol) {
3415  str2 = rb_sym2str(key);
3416  quote = symbol_key_needs_quote(str2);
3417  }
3418  else {
3419  str2 = rb_inspect(key);
3420  }
3421  if (RSTRING_LEN(str) > 1) {
3422  rb_str_buf_cat_ascii(str, ", ");
3423  }
3424  else {
3425  rb_enc_copy(str, str2);
3426  }
3427  if (quote) {
3428  rb_str_buf_append(str, rb_str_inspect(str2));
3429  }
3430  else {
3431  rb_str_buf_append(str, str2);
3432  }
3433 
3434  rb_str_buf_cat_ascii(str, is_symbol ? ": " : " => ");
3435  str2 = rb_inspect(value);
3436  rb_str_buf_append(str, str2);
3437 
3438  return ST_CONTINUE;
3439 }
3440 
3441 static VALUE
3442 inspect_hash(VALUE hash, VALUE dummy, int recur)
3443 {
3444  VALUE str;
3445 
3446  if (recur) return rb_usascii_str_new2("{...}");
3447  str = rb_str_buf_new2("{");
3448  rb_hash_foreach(hash, inspect_i, str);
3449  rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "}");
3450 
3451  return str;
3452 }
3453 
3454 /*
3455  * call-seq:
3456  * hash.inspect -> new_string
3457  *
3458  * Returns a new String containing the hash entries:
3459 
3460  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3461  * h.inspect # => "{:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}"
3462  *
3463  */
3464 
3465 static VALUE
3466 rb_hash_inspect(VALUE hash)
3467 {
3468  if (RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash))
3469  return rb_usascii_str_new2("{}");
3470  return rb_exec_recursive(inspect_hash, hash, 0);
3471 }
3472 
3473 /*
3474  * call-seq:
3475  * hash.to_hash -> self
3476  *
3477  * Returns +self+.
3478  */
3479 static VALUE
3480 rb_hash_to_hash(VALUE hash)
3481 {
3482  return hash;
3483 }
3484 
3485 VALUE
3486 rb_hash_set_pair(VALUE hash, VALUE arg)
3487 {
3488  VALUE pair;
3489 
3490  pair = rb_check_array_type(arg);
3491  if (NIL_P(pair)) {
3492  rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong element type %s (expected array)",
3493  rb_builtin_class_name(arg));
3494  }
3495  if (RARRAY_LEN(pair) != 2) {
3496  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "element has wrong array length (expected 2, was %ld)",
3497  RARRAY_LEN(pair));
3498  }
3499  rb_hash_aset(hash, RARRAY_AREF(pair, 0), RARRAY_AREF(pair, 1));
3500  return hash;
3501 }
3502 
3503 static int
3504 to_h_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
3505 {
3506  rb_hash_set_pair(hash, rb_yield_values(2, key, value));
3507  return ST_CONTINUE;
3508 }
3509 
3510 static VALUE
3511 rb_hash_to_h_block(VALUE hash)
3512 {
3513  VALUE h = rb_hash_new_with_size(RHASH_SIZE(hash));
3514  rb_hash_foreach(hash, to_h_i, h);
3515  return h;
3516 }
3517 
3518 /*
3519  * call-seq:
3520  * hash.to_h -> self or new_hash
3521  * hash.to_h {|key, value| ... } -> new_hash
3522  *
3523  * For an instance of +Hash+, returns +self+.
3524  *
3525  * For a subclass of +Hash+, returns a new +Hash+
3526  * containing the content of +self+.
3527  *
3528  * When a block is given, returns a new +Hash+ object
3529  * whose content is based on the block;
3530  * the block should return a 2-element Array object
3531  * specifying the key-value pair to be included in the returned Array:
3532  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3533  * h1 = h.to_h {|key, value| [value, key] }
3534  * h1 # => {0=>:foo, 1=>:bar, 2=>:baz}
3535  */
3536 
3537 static VALUE
3538 rb_hash_to_h(VALUE hash)
3539 {
3540  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
3541  return rb_hash_to_h_block(hash);
3542  }
3543  if (rb_obj_class(hash) != rb_cHash) {
3544  const VALUE flags = RBASIC(hash)->flags;
3545  hash = hash_dup(hash, rb_cHash, flags & RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT);
3546  }
3547  return hash;
3548 }
3549 
3550 static int
3551 keys_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ary)
3552 {
3553  rb_ary_push(ary, key);
3554  return ST_CONTINUE;
3555 }
3556 
3557 /*
3558  * call-seq:
3559  * hash.keys -> new_array
3560  *
3561  * Returns a new Array containing all keys in +self+:
3562  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3563  * h.keys # => [:foo, :bar, :baz]
3564  */
3565 
3566 VALUE
3567 rb_hash_keys(VALUE hash)
3568 {
3569  st_index_t size = RHASH_SIZE(hash);
3570  VALUE keys = rb_ary_new_capa(size);
3571 
3572  if (size == 0) return keys;
3573 
3574  if (ST_DATA_COMPATIBLE_P(VALUE)) {
3575  RARRAY_PTR_USE(keys, ptr, {
3576  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
3577  size = ar_keys(hash, ptr, size);
3578  }
3579  else {
3580  st_table *table = RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
3581  size = st_keys(table, ptr, size);
3582  }
3583  });
3584  rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(keys);
3585  rb_ary_set_len(keys, size);
3586  }
3587  else {
3588  rb_hash_foreach(hash, keys_i, keys);
3589  }
3590 
3591  return keys;
3592 }
3593 
3594 static int
3595 values_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ary)
3596 {
3597  rb_ary_push(ary, value);
3598  return ST_CONTINUE;
3599 }
3600 
3601 /*
3602  * call-seq:
3603  * hash.values -> new_array
3604  *
3605  * Returns a new Array containing all values in +self+:
3606  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3607  * h.values # => [0, 1, 2]
3608  */
3609 
3610 VALUE
3611 rb_hash_values(VALUE hash)
3612 {
3613  VALUE values;
3614  st_index_t size = RHASH_SIZE(hash);
3615 
3616  values = rb_ary_new_capa(size);
3617  if (size == 0) return values;
3618 
3619  if (ST_DATA_COMPATIBLE_P(VALUE)) {
3620  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
3621  rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(values);
3622  RARRAY_PTR_USE(values, ptr, {
3623  size = ar_values(hash, ptr, size);
3624  });
3625  }
3626  else if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash)) {
3627  st_table *table = RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
3628  rb_gc_writebarrier_remember(values);
3629  RARRAY_PTR_USE(values, ptr, {
3630  size = st_values(table, ptr, size);
3631  });
3632  }
3633  rb_ary_set_len(values, size);
3634  }
3635 
3636  else {
3637  rb_hash_foreach(hash, values_i, values);
3638  }
3639 
3640  return values;
3641 }
3642 
3643 /*
3644  * call-seq:
3645  * hash.include?(key) -> true or false
3646  * hash.has_key?(key) -> true or false
3647  * hash.key?(key) -> true or false
3648  * hash.member?(key) -> true or false
3649  *
3650  * Returns +true+ if +key+ is a key in +self+, otherwise +false+.
3651  */
3652 
3653 VALUE
3654 rb_hash_has_key(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
3655 {
3656  return RBOOL(hash_stlike_lookup(hash, key, NULL));
3657 }
3658 
3659 static int
3660 rb_hash_search_value(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
3661 {
3662  VALUE *data = (VALUE *)arg;
3663 
3664  if (rb_equal(value, data[1])) {
3665  data[0] = Qtrue;
3666  return ST_STOP;
3667  }
3668  return ST_CONTINUE;
3669 }
3670 
3671 /*
3672  * call-seq:
3673  * hash.has_value?(value) -> true or false
3674  * hash.value?(value) -> true or false
3675  *
3676  * Returns +true+ if +value+ is a value in +self+, otherwise +false+.
3677  */
3678 
3679 static VALUE
3680 rb_hash_has_value(VALUE hash, VALUE val)
3681 {
3682  VALUE data[2];
3683 
3684  data[0] = Qfalse;
3685  data[1] = val;
3686  rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_search_value, (VALUE)data);
3687  return data[0];
3688 }
3689 
3690 struct equal_data {
3691  VALUE result;
3692  VALUE hash;
3693  int eql;
3694 };
3695 
3696 static int
3697 eql_i(VALUE key, VALUE val1, VALUE arg)
3698 {
3699  struct equal_data *data = (struct equal_data *)arg;
3700  st_data_t val2;
3701 
3702  if (!hash_stlike_lookup(data->hash, key, &val2)) {
3703  data->result = Qfalse;
3704  return ST_STOP;
3705  }
3706  else {
3707  if (!(data->eql ? rb_eql(val1, (VALUE)val2) : (int)rb_equal(val1, (VALUE)val2))) {
3708  data->result = Qfalse;
3709  return ST_STOP;
3710  }
3711  return ST_CONTINUE;
3712  }
3713 }
3714 
3715 static VALUE
3716 recursive_eql(VALUE hash, VALUE dt, int recur)
3717 {
3718  struct equal_data *data;
3719 
3720  if (recur) return Qtrue; /* Subtle! */
3721  data = (struct equal_data*)dt;
3722  data->result = Qtrue;
3723  rb_hash_foreach(hash, eql_i, dt);
3724 
3725  return data->result;
3726 }
3727 
3728 static VALUE
3729 hash_equal(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2, int eql)
3730 {
3731  struct equal_data data;
3732 
3733  if (hash1 == hash2) return Qtrue;
3734  if (!RB_TYPE_P(hash2, T_HASH)) {
3735  if (!rb_respond_to(hash2, idTo_hash)) {
3736  return Qfalse;
3737  }
3738  if (eql) {
3739  if (rb_eql(hash2, hash1)) {
3740  return Qtrue;
3741  }
3742  else {
3743  return Qfalse;
3744  }
3745  }
3746  else {
3747  return rb_equal(hash2, hash1);
3748  }
3749  }
3750  if (RHASH_SIZE(hash1) != RHASH_SIZE(hash2))
3751  return Qfalse;
3752  if (!RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash1) && !RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash2)) {
3753  if (RHASH_TYPE(hash1) != RHASH_TYPE(hash2)) {
3754  return Qfalse;
3755  }
3756  else {
3757  data.hash = hash2;
3758  data.eql = eql;
3759  return rb_exec_recursive_paired(recursive_eql, hash1, hash2, (VALUE)&data);
3760  }
3761  }
3762 
3763 #if 0
3764  if (!(rb_equal(RHASH_IFNONE(hash1), RHASH_IFNONE(hash2)) &&
3765  FL_TEST(hash1, RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT) == FL_TEST(hash2, RHASH_PROC_DEFAULT)))
3766  return Qfalse;
3767 #endif
3768  return Qtrue;
3769 }
3770 
3771 /*
3772  * call-seq:
3773  * hash == object -> true or false
3774  *
3775  * Returns +true+ if all of the following are true:
3776  * * +object+ is a +Hash+ object.
3777  * * +hash+ and +object+ have the same keys (regardless of order).
3778  * * For each key +key+, <tt>hash[key] == object[key]</tt>.
3779  *
3780  * Otherwise, returns +false+.
3781  *
3782  * Equal:
3783  * h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3784  * h2 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3785  * h1 == h2 # => true
3786  * h3 = {baz: 2, bar: 1, foo: 0}
3787  * h1 == h3 # => true
3788  */
3789 
3790 static VALUE
3791 rb_hash_equal(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2)
3792 {
3793  return hash_equal(hash1, hash2, FALSE);
3794 }
3795 
3796 /*
3797  * call-seq:
3798  * hash.eql?(object) -> true or false
3799  *
3800  * Returns +true+ if all of the following are true:
3801  * * +object+ is a +Hash+ object.
3802  * * +hash+ and +object+ have the same keys (regardless of order).
3803  * * For each key +key+, <tt>h[key].eql?(object[key])</tt>.
3804  *
3805  * Otherwise, returns +false+.
3806  *
3807  * h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3808  * h2 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3809  * h1.eql? h2 # => true
3810  * h3 = {baz: 2, bar: 1, foo: 0}
3811  * h1.eql? h3 # => true
3812  */
3813 
3814 static VALUE
3815 rb_hash_eql(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2)
3816 {
3817  return hash_equal(hash1, hash2, TRUE);
3818 }
3819 
3820 static int
3821 hash_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE arg)
3822 {
3823  st_index_t *hval = (st_index_t *)arg;
3824  st_index_t hdata[2];
3825 
3826  hdata[0] = rb_hash(key);
3827  hdata[1] = rb_hash(val);
3828  *hval ^= st_hash(hdata, sizeof(hdata), 0);
3829  return ST_CONTINUE;
3830 }
3831 
3832 /*
3833  * call-seq:
3834  * hash.hash -> an_integer
3835  *
3836  * Returns the Integer hash-code for the hash.
3837  *
3838  * Two +Hash+ objects have the same hash-code if their content is the same
3839  * (regardless of order):
3840  * h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3841  * h2 = {baz: 2, bar: 1, foo: 0}
3842  * h2.hash == h1.hash # => true
3843  * h2.eql? h1 # => true
3844  */
3845 
3846 static VALUE
3847 rb_hash_hash(VALUE hash)
3848 {
3849  st_index_t size = RHASH_SIZE(hash);
3850  st_index_t hval = rb_hash_start(size);
3851  hval = rb_hash_uint(hval, (st_index_t)rb_hash_hash);
3852  if (size) {
3853  rb_hash_foreach(hash, hash_i, (VALUE)&hval);
3854  }
3855  hval = rb_hash_end(hval);
3856  return ST2FIX(hval);
3857 }
3858 
3859 static int
3860 rb_hash_invert_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
3861 {
3862  rb_hash_aset(hash, value, key);
3863  return ST_CONTINUE;
3864 }
3865 
3866 /*
3867  * call-seq:
3868  * hash.invert -> new_hash
3869  *
3870  * Returns a new +Hash+ object with the each key-value pair inverted:
3871  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3872  * h1 = h.invert
3873  * h1 # => {0=>:foo, 1=>:bar, 2=>:baz}
3874  *
3875  * Overwrites any repeated new keys:
3876  * (see {Entry Order}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Entry+Order]):
3877  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 0, baz: 0}
3878  * h.invert # => {0=>:baz}
3879  */
3880 
3881 static VALUE
3882 rb_hash_invert(VALUE hash)
3883 {
3884  VALUE h = rb_hash_new_with_size(RHASH_SIZE(hash));
3885 
3886  rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_invert_i, h);
3887  return h;
3888 }
3889 
3890 static int
3891 rb_hash_update_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
3892 {
3893  rb_hash_aset(hash, key, value);
3894  return ST_CONTINUE;
3895 }
3896 
3897 static int
3898 rb_hash_update_block_callback(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, struct update_arg *arg, int existing)
3899 {
3900  st_data_t newvalue = arg->arg;
3901 
3902  if (existing) {
3903  newvalue = (st_data_t)rb_yield_values(3, (VALUE)*key, (VALUE)*value, (VALUE)newvalue);
3904  }
3905  else if (RHASH_STRING_KEY_P(arg->hash, *key) && !RB_OBJ_FROZEN(*key)) {
3906  *key = rb_hash_key_str(*key);
3907  }
3908  *value = newvalue;
3909  return ST_CONTINUE;
3910 }
3911 
3912 NOINSERT_UPDATE_CALLBACK(rb_hash_update_block_callback)
3913 
3914 static int
3915 rb_hash_update_block_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
3916 {
3917  RHASH_UPDATE(hash, key, rb_hash_update_block_callback, value);
3918  return ST_CONTINUE;
3919 }
3920 
3921 /*
3922  * call-seq:
3923  * hash.merge! -> self
3924  * hash.merge!(*other_hashes) -> self
3925  * hash.merge!(*other_hashes) { |key, old_value, new_value| ... } -> self
3926  *
3927  * Merges each of +other_hashes+ into +self+; returns +self+.
3928  *
3929  * Each argument in +other_hashes+ must be a +Hash+.
3930  *
3931  * With arguments and no block:
3932  * * Returns +self+, after the given hashes are merged into it.
3933  * * The given hashes are merged left to right.
3934  * * Each new entry is added at the end.
3935  * * Each duplicate-key entry's value overwrites the previous value.
3936  *
3937  * Example:
3938  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3939  * h1 = {bat: 3, bar: 4}
3940  * h2 = {bam: 5, bat:6}
3941  * h.merge!(h1, h2) # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>4, :baz=>2, :bat=>6, :bam=>5}
3942  *
3943  * With arguments and a block:
3944  * * Returns +self+, after the given hashes are merged.
3945  * * The given hashes are merged left to right.
3946  * * Each new-key entry is added at the end.
3947  * * For each duplicate key:
3948  * * Calls the block with the key and the old and new values.
3949  * * The block's return value becomes the new value for the entry.
3950  *
3951  * Example:
3952  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3953  * h1 = {bat: 3, bar: 4}
3954  * h2 = {bam: 5, bat:6}
3955  * h3 = h.merge!(h1, h2) { |key, old_value, new_value| old_value + new_value }
3956  * h3 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>5, :baz=>2, :bat=>9, :bam=>5}
3957  *
3958  * With no arguments:
3959  * * Returns +self+, unmodified.
3960  * * The block, if given, is ignored.
3961  *
3962  * Example:
3963  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
3964  * h.merge # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
3965  * h1 = h.merge! { |key, old_value, new_value| raise 'Cannot happen' }
3966  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
3967  */
3968 
3969 static VALUE
3970 rb_hash_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
3971 {
3972  int i;
3973  bool block_given = rb_block_given_p();
3974 
3975  rb_hash_modify(self);
3976  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++){
3977  VALUE hash = to_hash(argv[i]);
3978  if (block_given) {
3979  rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_update_block_i, self);
3980  }
3981  else {
3982  rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_update_i, self);
3983  }
3984  }
3985  return self;
3986 }
3987 
3989  VALUE hash;
3990  VALUE value;
3991  rb_hash_update_func *func;
3992 };
3993 
3994 static int
3995 rb_hash_update_func_callback(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *value, struct update_arg *arg, int existing)
3996 {
3997  struct update_func_arg *uf_arg = (struct update_func_arg *)arg->arg;
3998  VALUE newvalue = uf_arg->value;
3999 
4000  if (existing) {
4001  newvalue = (*uf_arg->func)((VALUE)*key, (VALUE)*value, newvalue);
4002  }
4003  *value = newvalue;
4004  return ST_CONTINUE;
4005 }
4006 
4007 NOINSERT_UPDATE_CALLBACK(rb_hash_update_func_callback)
4008 
4009 static int
4010 rb_hash_update_func_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg0)
4011 {
4012  struct update_func_arg *arg = (struct update_func_arg *)arg0;
4013  VALUE hash = arg->hash;
4014 
4015  arg->value = value;
4016  RHASH_UPDATE(hash, key, rb_hash_update_func_callback, (VALUE)arg);
4017  return ST_CONTINUE;
4018 }
4019 
4020 VALUE
4022 {
4023  rb_hash_modify(hash1);
4024  hash2 = to_hash(hash2);
4025  if (func) {
4026  struct update_func_arg arg;
4027  arg.hash = hash1;
4028  arg.func = func;
4029  rb_hash_foreach(hash2, rb_hash_update_func_i, (VALUE)&arg);
4030  }
4031  else {
4032  rb_hash_foreach(hash2, rb_hash_update_i, hash1);
4033  }
4034  return hash1;
4035 }
4036 
4037 /*
4038  * call-seq:
4039  * hash.merge -> copy_of_self
4040  * hash.merge(*other_hashes) -> new_hash
4041  * hash.merge(*other_hashes) { |key, old_value, new_value| ... } -> new_hash
4042  *
4043  * Returns the new +Hash+ formed by merging each of +other_hashes+
4044  * into a copy of +self+.
4045  *
4046  * Each argument in +other_hashes+ must be a +Hash+.
4047  *
4048  * ---
4049  *
4050  * With arguments and no block:
4051  * * Returns the new +Hash+ object formed by merging each successive
4052  * +Hash+ in +other_hashes+ into +self+.
4053  * * Each new-key entry is added at the end.
4054  * * Each duplicate-key entry's value overwrites the previous value.
4055  *
4056  * Example:
4057  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4058  * h1 = {bat: 3, bar: 4}
4059  * h2 = {bam: 5, bat:6}
4060  * h.merge(h1, h2) # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>4, :baz=>2, :bat=>6, :bam=>5}
4061  *
4062  * With arguments and a block:
4063  * * Returns a new +Hash+ object that is the merge of +self+ and each given hash.
4064  * * The given hashes are merged left to right.
4065  * * Each new-key entry is added at the end.
4066  * * For each duplicate key:
4067  * * Calls the block with the key and the old and new values.
4068  * * The block's return value becomes the new value for the entry.
4069  *
4070  * Example:
4071  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4072  * h1 = {bat: 3, bar: 4}
4073  * h2 = {bam: 5, bat:6}
4074  * h3 = h.merge(h1, h2) { |key, old_value, new_value| old_value + new_value }
4075  * h3 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>5, :baz=>2, :bat=>9, :bam=>5}
4076  *
4077  * With no arguments:
4078  * * Returns a copy of +self+.
4079  * * The block, if given, is ignored.
4080  *
4081  * Example:
4082  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4083  * h.merge # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
4084  * h1 = h.merge { |key, old_value, new_value| raise 'Cannot happen' }
4085  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
4086  */
4087 
4088 static VALUE
4089 rb_hash_merge(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
4090 {
4091  return rb_hash_update(argc, argv, copy_compare_by_id(rb_hash_dup(self), self));
4092 }
4093 
4094 static int
4095 assoc_cmp(VALUE a, VALUE b)
4096 {
4097  return !RTEST(rb_equal(a, b));
4098 }
4099 
4100 struct assoc_arg {
4101  st_table *tbl;
4102  st_data_t key;
4103 };
4104 
4105 static VALUE
4106 assoc_lookup(VALUE arg)
4107 {
4108  struct assoc_arg *p = (struct assoc_arg*)arg;
4109  st_data_t data;
4110  if (st_lookup(p->tbl, p->key, &data)) return (VALUE)data;
4111  return Qundef;
4112 }
4113 
4114 static int
4115 assoc_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE arg)
4116 {
4117  VALUE *args = (VALUE *)arg;
4118 
4119  if (RTEST(rb_equal(args[0], key))) {
4120  args[1] = rb_assoc_new(key, val);
4121  return ST_STOP;
4122  }
4123  return ST_CONTINUE;
4124 }
4125 
4126 /*
4127  * call-seq:
4128  * hash.assoc(key) -> new_array or nil
4129  *
4130  * If the given +key+ is found, returns a 2-element Array containing that key and its value:
4131  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4132  * h.assoc(:bar) # => [:bar, 1]
4133  *
4134  * Returns +nil+ if key +key+ is not found.
4135  */
4136 
4137 static VALUE
4138 rb_hash_assoc(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
4139 {
4140  VALUE args[2];
4141 
4142  if (RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) return Qnil;
4143 
4144  if (RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash) && !RHASH_IDENTHASH_P(hash)) {
4145  VALUE value = Qundef;
4146  st_table assoctable = *RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash);
4147  assoctable.type = &(struct st_hash_type){
4148  .compare = assoc_cmp,
4149  .hash = assoctable.type->hash,
4150  };
4151  VALUE arg = (VALUE)&(struct assoc_arg){
4152  .tbl = &assoctable,
4153  .key = (st_data_t)key,
4154  };
4155 
4156  if (RB_OBJ_FROZEN(hash)) {
4157  value = assoc_lookup(arg);
4158  }
4159  else {
4160  hash_iter_lev_inc(hash);
4161  value = rb_ensure(assoc_lookup, arg, hash_foreach_ensure, hash);
4162  }
4163  hash_verify(hash);
4164  if (!UNDEF_P(value)) return rb_assoc_new(key, value);
4165  }
4166 
4167  args[0] = key;
4168  args[1] = Qnil;
4169  rb_hash_foreach(hash, assoc_i, (VALUE)args);
4170  return args[1];
4171 }
4172 
4173 static int
4174 rassoc_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE arg)
4175 {
4176  VALUE *args = (VALUE *)arg;
4177 
4178  if (RTEST(rb_equal(args[0], val))) {
4179  args[1] = rb_assoc_new(key, val);
4180  return ST_STOP;
4181  }
4182  return ST_CONTINUE;
4183 }
4184 
4185 /*
4186  * call-seq:
4187  * hash.rassoc(value) -> new_array or nil
4188  *
4189  * Returns a new 2-element Array consisting of the key and value
4190  * of the first-found entry whose value is <tt>==</tt> to value
4191  * (see {Entry Order}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Entry+Order]):
4192  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 1}
4193  * h.rassoc(1) # => [:bar, 1]
4194  *
4195  * Returns +nil+ if no such value found.
4196  */
4197 
4198 static VALUE
4199 rb_hash_rassoc(VALUE hash, VALUE obj)
4200 {
4201  VALUE args[2];
4202 
4203  args[0] = obj;
4204  args[1] = Qnil;
4205  rb_hash_foreach(hash, rassoc_i, (VALUE)args);
4206  return args[1];
4207 }
4208 
4209 static int
4210 flatten_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE ary)
4211 {
4212  VALUE pair[2];
4213 
4214  pair[0] = key;
4215  pair[1] = val;
4216  rb_ary_cat(ary, pair, 2);
4217 
4218  return ST_CONTINUE;
4219 }
4220 
4221 /*
4222  * call-seq:
4223  * hash.flatten -> new_array
4224  * hash.flatten(level) -> new_array
4225  *
4226  * Returns a new Array object that is a 1-dimensional flattening of +self+.
4227  *
4228  * ---
4229  *
4230  * By default, nested Arrays are not flattened:
4231  * h = {foo: 0, bar: [:bat, 3], baz: 2}
4232  * h.flatten # => [:foo, 0, :bar, [:bat, 3], :baz, 2]
4233  *
4234  * Takes the depth of recursive flattening from Integer argument +level+:
4235  * h = {foo: 0, bar: [:bat, [:baz, [:bat, ]]]}
4236  * h.flatten(1) # => [:foo, 0, :bar, [:bat, [:baz, [:bat]]]]
4237  * h.flatten(2) # => [:foo, 0, :bar, :bat, [:baz, [:bat]]]
4238  * h.flatten(3) # => [:foo, 0, :bar, :bat, :baz, [:bat]]
4239  * h.flatten(4) # => [:foo, 0, :bar, :bat, :baz, :bat]
4240  *
4241  * When +level+ is negative, flattens all nested Arrays:
4242  * h = {foo: 0, bar: [:bat, [:baz, [:bat, ]]]}
4243  * h.flatten(-1) # => [:foo, 0, :bar, :bat, :baz, :bat]
4244  * h.flatten(-2) # => [:foo, 0, :bar, :bat, :baz, :bat]
4245  *
4246  * When +level+ is zero, returns the equivalent of #to_a :
4247  * h = {foo: 0, bar: [:bat, 3], baz: 2}
4248  * h.flatten(0) # => [[:foo, 0], [:bar, [:bat, 3]], [:baz, 2]]
4249  * h.flatten(0) == h.to_a # => true
4250  */
4251 
4252 static VALUE
4253 rb_hash_flatten(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
4254 {
4255  VALUE ary;
4256 
4257  rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
4258 
4259  if (argc) {
4260  int level = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
4261 
4262  if (level == 0) return rb_hash_to_a(hash);
4263 
4264  ary = rb_ary_new_capa(RHASH_SIZE(hash) * 2);
4265  rb_hash_foreach(hash, flatten_i, ary);
4266  level--;
4267 
4268  if (level > 0) {
4269  VALUE ary_flatten_level = INT2FIX(level);
4270  rb_funcallv(ary, id_flatten_bang, 1, &ary_flatten_level);
4271  }
4272  else if (level < 0) {
4273  /* flatten recursively */
4274  rb_funcallv(ary, id_flatten_bang, 0, 0);
4275  }
4276  }
4277  else {
4278  ary = rb_ary_new_capa(RHASH_SIZE(hash) * 2);
4279  rb_hash_foreach(hash, flatten_i, ary);
4280  }
4281 
4282  return ary;
4283 }
4284 
4285 static int
4286 delete_if_nil(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE hash)
4287 {
4288  if (NIL_P(value)) {
4289  return ST_DELETE;
4290  }
4291  return ST_CONTINUE;
4292 }
4293 
4294 /*
4295  * call-seq:
4296  * hash.compact -> new_hash
4297  *
4298  * Returns a copy of +self+ with all +nil+-valued entries removed:
4299  * h = {foo: 0, bar: nil, baz: 2, bat: nil}
4300  * h1 = h.compact
4301  * h1 # => {:foo=>0, :baz=>2}
4302  */
4303 
4304 static VALUE
4305 rb_hash_compact(VALUE hash)
4306 {
4307  VALUE result = rb_hash_dup(hash);
4308  if (!RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
4309  rb_hash_foreach(result, delete_if_nil, result);
4310  compact_after_delete(result);
4311  }
4312  else if (rb_hash_compare_by_id_p(hash)) {
4313  result = rb_hash_compare_by_id(result);
4314  }
4315  return result;
4316 }
4317 
4318 /*
4319  * call-seq:
4320  * hash.compact! -> self or nil
4321  *
4322  * Returns +self+ with all its +nil+-valued entries removed (in place):
4323  * h = {foo: 0, bar: nil, baz: 2, bat: nil}
4324  * h.compact! # => {:foo=>0, :baz=>2}
4325  *
4326  * Returns +nil+ if no entries were removed.
4327  */
4328 
4329 static VALUE
4330 rb_hash_compact_bang(VALUE hash)
4331 {
4332  st_index_t n;
4333  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
4334  n = RHASH_SIZE(hash);
4335  if (n) {
4336  rb_hash_foreach(hash, delete_if_nil, hash);
4337  if (n != RHASH_SIZE(hash))
4338  return hash;
4339  }
4340  return Qnil;
4341 }
4342 
4343 /*
4344  * call-seq:
4345  * hash.compare_by_identity -> self
4346  *
4347  * Sets +self+ to consider only identity in comparing keys;
4348  * two keys are considered the same only if they are the same object;
4349  * returns +self+.
4350  *
4351  * By default, these two object are considered to be the same key,
4352  * so +s1+ will overwrite +s0+:
4353  * s0 = 'x'
4354  * s1 = 'x'
4355  * h = {}
4356  * h.compare_by_identity? # => false
4357  * h[s0] = 0
4358  * h[s1] = 1
4359  * h # => {"x"=>1}
4360  *
4361  * After calling \#compare_by_identity, the keys are considered to be different,
4362  * and therefore do not overwrite each other:
4363  * h = {}
4364  * h.compare_by_identity # => {}
4365  * h.compare_by_identity? # => true
4366  * h[s0] = 0
4367  * h[s1] = 1
4368  * h # => {"x"=>0, "x"=>1}
4369  */
4370 
4371 VALUE
4372 rb_hash_compare_by_id(VALUE hash)
4373 {
4374  VALUE tmp;
4375  st_table *identtable;
4376 
4377  if (rb_hash_compare_by_id_p(hash)) return hash;
4378 
4379  rb_hash_modify_check(hash);
4380  if (hash_iterating_p(hash)) {
4381  rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "compare_by_identity during iteration");
4382  }
4383 
4384  if (RHASH_TABLE_EMPTY_P(hash)) {
4385  // Fast path: There's nothing to rehash, so we don't need a `tmp` table.
4386  // We're most likely an AR table, so this will need an allocation.
4387  ar_force_convert_table(hash, __FILE__, __LINE__);
4388  HASH_ASSERT(RHASH_ST_TABLE_P(hash));
4389 
4390  RHASH_ST_TABLE(hash)->type = &identhash;
4391  }
4392  else {
4393  // Slow path: Need to rehash the members of `self` into a new
4394  // `tmp` table using the new `identhash` compare/hash functions.
4395  tmp = hash_alloc(0);
4396  hash_st_table_init(tmp, &identhash, RHASH_SIZE(hash));
4397  identtable = RHASH_ST_TABLE(tmp);
4398 
4399  rb_hash_foreach(hash, rb_hash_rehash_i, (VALUE)tmp);
4400  rb_hash_free(hash);
4401 
4402  // We know for sure `identtable` is an st table,
4403  // so we can skip `ar_force_convert_table` here.
4404  RHASH_ST_TABLE_SET(hash, identtable);
4405  RHASH_ST_CLEAR(tmp);
4406  }
4407 
4408  return hash;
4409 }
4410 
4411 /*
4412  * call-seq:
4413  * hash.compare_by_identity? -> true or false
4414  *
4415  * Returns +true+ if #compare_by_identity has been called, +false+ otherwise.
4416  */
4417 
4418 VALUE
4419 rb_hash_compare_by_id_p(VALUE hash)
4420 {
4421  return RBOOL(RHASH_IDENTHASH_P(hash));
4422 }
4423 
4424 VALUE
4425 rb_ident_hash_new(void)
4426 {
4427  VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
4428  hash_st_table_init(hash, &identhash, 0);
4429  return hash;
4430 }
4431 
4432 VALUE
4433 rb_ident_hash_new_with_size(st_index_t size)
4434 {
4435  VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
4436  hash_st_table_init(hash, &identhash, size);
4437  return hash;
4438 }
4439 
4440 st_table *
4441 rb_init_identtable(void)
4442 {
4443  return st_init_table(&identhash);
4444 }
4445 
4446 static int
4447 any_p_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
4448 {
4449  VALUE ret = rb_yield(rb_assoc_new(key, value));
4450  if (RTEST(ret)) {
4451  *(VALUE *)arg = Qtrue;
4452  return ST_STOP;
4453  }
4454  return ST_CONTINUE;
4455 }
4456 
4457 static int
4458 any_p_i_fast(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
4459 {
4460  VALUE ret = rb_yield_values(2, key, value);
4461  if (RTEST(ret)) {
4462  *(VALUE *)arg = Qtrue;
4463  return ST_STOP;
4464  }
4465  return ST_CONTINUE;
4466 }
4467 
4468 static int
4469 any_p_i_pattern(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
4470 {
4471  VALUE ret = rb_funcall(((VALUE *)arg)[1], idEqq, 1, rb_assoc_new(key, value));
4472  if (RTEST(ret)) {
4473  *(VALUE *)arg = Qtrue;
4474  return ST_STOP;
4475  }
4476  return ST_CONTINUE;
4477 }
4478 
4479 /*
4480  * call-seq:
4481  * hash.any? -> true or false
4482  * hash.any?(object) -> true or false
4483  * hash.any? {|key, value| ... } -> true or false
4484  *
4485  * Returns +true+ if any element satisfies a given criterion;
4486  * +false+ otherwise.
4487  *
4488  * If +self+ has no element, returns +false+ and argument or block
4489  * are not used.
4490  *
4491  * With no argument and no block,
4492  * returns +true+ if +self+ is non-empty; +false+ if empty.
4493  *
4494  * With argument +object+ and no block,
4495  * returns +true+ if for any key +key+
4496  * <tt>h.assoc(key) == object</tt>:
4497  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4498  * h.any?([:bar, 1]) # => true
4499  * h.any?([:bar, 0]) # => false
4500  * h.any?([:baz, 1]) # => false
4501  *
4502  * With no argument and a block,
4503  * calls the block with each key-value pair;
4504  * returns +true+ if the block returns any truthy value,
4505  * +false+ otherwise:
4506  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4507  * h.any? {|key, value| value < 3 } # => true
4508  * h.any? {|key, value| value > 3 } # => false
4509  *
4510  * Related: Enumerable#any?
4511  */
4512 
4513 static VALUE
4514 rb_hash_any_p(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
4515 {
4516  VALUE args[2];
4517  args[0] = Qfalse;
4518 
4519  rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
4520  if (RHASH_EMPTY_P(hash)) return Qfalse;
4521  if (argc) {
4522  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
4523  rb_warn("given block not used");
4524  }
4525  args[1] = argv[0];
4526 
4527  rb_hash_foreach(hash, any_p_i_pattern, (VALUE)args);
4528  }
4529  else {
4530  if (!rb_block_given_p()) {
4531  /* yields pairs, never false */
4532  return Qtrue;
4533  }
4534  if (rb_block_pair_yield_optimizable())
4535  rb_hash_foreach(hash, any_p_i_fast, (VALUE)args);
4536  else
4537  rb_hash_foreach(hash, any_p_i, (VALUE)args);
4538  }
4539  return args[0];
4540 }
4541 
4542 /*
4543  * call-seq:
4544  * hash.dig(key, *identifiers) -> object
4545  *
4546  * Finds and returns the object in nested objects
4547  * that is specified by +key+ and +identifiers+.
4548  * The nested objects may be instances of various classes.
4549  * See {Dig Methods}[rdoc-ref:dig_methods.rdoc].
4550  *
4551  * Nested Hashes:
4552  * h = {foo: {bar: {baz: 2}}}
4553  * h.dig(:foo) # => {:bar=>{:baz=>2}}
4554  * h.dig(:foo, :bar) # => {:baz=>2}
4555  * h.dig(:foo, :bar, :baz) # => 2
4556  * h.dig(:foo, :bar, :BAZ) # => nil
4557  *
4558  * Nested Hashes and Arrays:
4559  * h = {foo: {bar: [:a, :b, :c]}}
4560  * h.dig(:foo, :bar, 2) # => :c
4561  *
4562  * This method will use the {default values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Default+Values]
4563  * for keys that are not present:
4564  * h = {foo: {bar: [:a, :b, :c]}}
4565  * h.dig(:hello) # => nil
4566  * h.default_proc = -> (hash, _key) { hash }
4567  * h.dig(:hello, :world) # => h
4568  * h.dig(:hello, :world, :foo, :bar, 2) # => :c
4569  */
4570 
4571 static VALUE
4572 rb_hash_dig(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
4573 {
4575  self = rb_hash_aref(self, *argv);
4576  if (!--argc) return self;
4577  ++argv;
4578  return rb_obj_dig(argc, argv, self, Qnil);
4579 }
4580 
4581 static int
4582 hash_le_i(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE arg)
4583 {
4584  VALUE *args = (VALUE *)arg;
4585  VALUE v = rb_hash_lookup2(args[0], key, Qundef);
4586  if (!UNDEF_P(v) && rb_equal(value, v)) return ST_CONTINUE;
4587  args[1] = Qfalse;
4588  return ST_STOP;
4589 }
4590 
4591 static VALUE
4592 hash_le(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2)
4593 {
4594  VALUE args[2];
4595  args[0] = hash2;
4596  args[1] = Qtrue;
4597  rb_hash_foreach(hash1, hash_le_i, (VALUE)args);
4598  return args[1];
4599 }
4600 
4601 /*
4602  * call-seq:
4603  * hash <= other_hash -> true or false
4604  *
4605  * Returns +true+ if +hash+ is a subset of +other_hash+, +false+ otherwise:
4606  * h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
4607  * h2 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4608  * h1 <= h2 # => true
4609  * h2 <= h1 # => false
4610  * h1 <= h1 # => true
4611  */
4612 static VALUE
4613 rb_hash_le(VALUE hash, VALUE other)
4614 {
4615  other = to_hash(other);
4616  if (RHASH_SIZE(hash) > RHASH_SIZE(other)) return Qfalse;
4617  return hash_le(hash, other);
4618 }
4619 
4620 /*
4621  * call-seq:
4622  * hash < other_hash -> true or false
4623  *
4624  * Returns +true+ if +hash+ is a proper subset of +other_hash+, +false+ otherwise:
4625  * h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
4626  * h2 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4627  * h1 < h2 # => true
4628  * h2 < h1 # => false
4629  * h1 < h1 # => false
4630  */
4631 static VALUE
4632 rb_hash_lt(VALUE hash, VALUE other)
4633 {
4634  other = to_hash(other);
4635  if (RHASH_SIZE(hash) >= RHASH_SIZE(other)) return Qfalse;
4636  return hash_le(hash, other);
4637 }
4638 
4639 /*
4640  * call-seq:
4641  * hash >= other_hash -> true or false
4642  *
4643  * Returns +true+ if +hash+ is a superset of +other_hash+, +false+ otherwise:
4644  * h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4645  * h2 = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
4646  * h1 >= h2 # => true
4647  * h2 >= h1 # => false
4648  * h1 >= h1 # => true
4649  */
4650 static VALUE
4651 rb_hash_ge(VALUE hash, VALUE other)
4652 {
4653  other = to_hash(other);
4654  if (RHASH_SIZE(hash) < RHASH_SIZE(other)) return Qfalse;
4655  return hash_le(other, hash);
4656 }
4657 
4658 /*
4659  * call-seq:
4660  * hash > other_hash -> true or false
4661  *
4662  * Returns +true+ if +hash+ is a proper superset of +other_hash+, +false+ otherwise:
4663  * h1 = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4664  * h2 = {foo: 0, bar: 1}
4665  * h1 > h2 # => true
4666  * h2 > h1 # => false
4667  * h1 > h1 # => false
4668  */
4669 static VALUE
4670 rb_hash_gt(VALUE hash, VALUE other)
4671 {
4672  other = to_hash(other);
4673  if (RHASH_SIZE(hash) <= RHASH_SIZE(other)) return Qfalse;
4674  return hash_le(other, hash);
4675 }
4676 
4677 static VALUE
4678 hash_proc_call(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(key, hash))
4679 {
4680  rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 1);
4681  return rb_hash_aref(hash, *argv);
4682 }
4683 
4684 /*
4685  * call-seq:
4686  * hash.to_proc -> proc
4687  *
4688  * Returns a Proc object that maps a key to its value:
4689  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
4690  * proc = h.to_proc
4691  * proc.class # => Proc
4692  * proc.call(:foo) # => 0
4693  * proc.call(:bar) # => 1
4694  * proc.call(:nosuch) # => nil
4695  */
4696 static VALUE
4697 rb_hash_to_proc(VALUE hash)
4698 {
4699  return rb_func_lambda_new(hash_proc_call, hash, 1, 1);
4700 }
4701 
4702 /* :nodoc: */
4703 static VALUE
4704 rb_hash_deconstruct_keys(VALUE hash, VALUE keys)
4705 {
4706  return hash;
4707 }
4708 
4709 static int
4710 add_new_i(st_data_t *key, st_data_t *val, st_data_t arg, int existing)
4711 {
4712  VALUE *args = (VALUE *)arg;
4713  if (existing) return ST_STOP;
4714  RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(args[0], Qundef, (VALUE)*key);
4715  RB_OBJ_WRITE(args[0], (VALUE *)val, args[1]);
4716  return ST_CONTINUE;
4717 }
4718 
4719 /*
4720  * add +key+ to +val+ pair if +hash+ does not contain +key+.
4721  * returns non-zero if +key+ was contained.
4722  */
4723 int
4724 rb_hash_add_new_element(VALUE hash, VALUE key, VALUE val)
4725 {
4726  st_table *tbl;
4727  int ret = 0;
4728  VALUE args[2];
4729  args[0] = hash;
4730  args[1] = val;
4731 
4732  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash)) {
4733  ret = ar_update(hash, (st_data_t)key, add_new_i, (st_data_t)args);
4734  if (ret != -1) {
4735  return ret;
4736  }
4737  ar_force_convert_table(hash, __FILE__, __LINE__);
4738  }
4739 
4740  tbl = RHASH_TBL_RAW(hash);
4741  return st_update(tbl, (st_data_t)key, add_new_i, (st_data_t)args);
4742 
4743 }
4744 
4745 static st_data_t
4746 key_stringify(VALUE key)
4747 {
4748  return (rb_obj_class(key) == rb_cString && !RB_OBJ_FROZEN(key)) ?
4749  rb_hash_key_str(key) : key;
4750 }
4751 
4752 static void
4753 ar_bulk_insert(VALUE hash, long argc, const VALUE *argv)
4754 {
4755  long i;
4756  for (i = 0; i < argc; ) {
4757  st_data_t k = key_stringify(argv[i++]);
4758  st_data_t v = argv[i++];
4759  ar_insert(hash, k, v);
4760  RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, k);
4761  RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(hash, Qundef, v);
4762  }
4763 }
4764 
4765 void
4766 rb_hash_bulk_insert(long argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
4767 {
4768  HASH_ASSERT(argc % 2 == 0);
4769  if (argc > 0) {
4770  st_index_t size = argc / 2;
4771 
4772  if (RHASH_AR_TABLE_P(hash) &&
4773  (RHASH_AR_TABLE_SIZE(hash) + size <= RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE)) {
4774  ar_bulk_insert(hash, argc, argv);
4775  }
4776  else {
4777  rb_hash_bulk_insert_into_st_table(argc, argv, hash);
4778  }
4779  }
4780 }
4781 
4782 static char **origenviron;
4783 #ifdef _WIN32
4784 #define GET_ENVIRON(e) ((e) = rb_w32_get_environ())
4785 #define FREE_ENVIRON(e) rb_w32_free_environ(e)
4786 static char **my_environ;
4787 #undef environ
4788 #define environ my_environ
4789 #undef getenv
4790 #define getenv(n) rb_w32_ugetenv(n)
4791 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
4792 #undef environ
4793 #define environ (*_NSGetEnviron())
4794 #define GET_ENVIRON(e) (e)
4795 #define FREE_ENVIRON(e)
4796 #else
4797 extern char **environ;
4798 #define GET_ENVIRON(e) (e)
4799 #define FREE_ENVIRON(e)
4800 #endif
4801 #ifdef ENV_IGNORECASE
4802 #define ENVMATCH(s1, s2) (STRCASECMP((s1), (s2)) == 0)
4803 #define ENVNMATCH(s1, s2, n) (STRNCASECMP((s1), (s2), (n)) == 0)
4804 #else
4805 #define ENVMATCH(n1, n2) (strcmp((n1), (n2)) == 0)
4806 #define ENVNMATCH(s1, s2, n) (memcmp((s1), (s2), (n)) == 0)
4807 #endif
4808 
4809 #define ENV_LOCK() RB_VM_LOCK_ENTER()
4810 #define ENV_UNLOCK() RB_VM_LOCK_LEAVE()
4811 
4812 static inline rb_encoding *
4813 env_encoding(void)
4814 {
4815 #ifdef _WIN32
4816  return rb_utf8_encoding();
4817 #else
4818  return rb_locale_encoding();
4819 #endif
4820 }
4821 
4822 static VALUE
4823 env_enc_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
4824 {
4826 
4827  rb_obj_freeze(str);
4828  return str;
4829 }
4830 
4831 static VALUE
4832 env_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
4833 {
4834  return env_enc_str_new(ptr, len, env_encoding());
4835 }
4836 
4837 static VALUE
4838 env_str_new2(const char *ptr)
4839 {
4840  if (!ptr) return Qnil;
4841  return env_str_new(ptr, strlen(ptr));
4842 }
4843 
4844 static VALUE
4845 getenv_with_lock(const char *name)
4846 {
4847  VALUE ret;
4848  ENV_LOCK();
4849  {
4850  const char *val = getenv(name);
4851  ret = env_str_new2(val);
4852  }
4853  ENV_UNLOCK();
4854  return ret;
4855 }
4856 
4857 static bool
4858 has_env_with_lock(const char *name)
4859 {
4860  const char *val;
4861 
4862  ENV_LOCK();
4863  {
4864  val = getenv(name);
4865  }
4866  ENV_UNLOCK();
4867 
4868  return val ? true : false;
4869 }
4870 
4871 static const char TZ_ENV[] = "TZ";
4872 
4873 static void *
4874 get_env_cstr(VALUE str, const char *name)
4875 {
4876  char *var;
4877  rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(str);
4878  if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) {
4879  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "bad environment variable %s: ASCII incompatible encoding: %s",
4880  name, rb_enc_name(enc));
4881  }
4882  var = RSTRING_PTR(str);
4883  if (memchr(var, '\0', RSTRING_LEN(str))) {
4884  rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "bad environment variable %s: contains null byte", name);
4885  }
4886  return rb_str_fill_terminator(str, 1); /* ASCII compatible */
4887 }
4888 
4889 #define get_env_ptr(var, val) \
4890  (var = get_env_cstr(val, #var))
4891 
4892 static inline const char *
4893 env_name(volatile VALUE *s)
4894 {
4895  const char *name;
4896  StringValue(*s);
4897  get_env_ptr(name, *s);
4898  return name;
4899 }
4900 
4901 #define env_name(s) env_name(&(s))
4902 
4903 static VALUE env_aset(VALUE nm, VALUE val);
4904 
4905 static void
4906 reset_by_modified_env(const char *nam)
4907 {
4908  /*
4909  * ENV['TZ'] = nil has a special meaning.
4910  * TZ is no longer considered up-to-date and ruby call tzset() as needed.
4911  * It could be useful if sysadmin change /etc/localtime.
4912  * This hack might works only on Linux glibc.
4913  */
4914  if (ENVMATCH(nam, TZ_ENV)) {
4915  ruby_reset_timezone();
4916  }
4917 }
4918 
4919 static VALUE
4920 env_delete(VALUE name)
4921 {
4922  const char *nam = env_name(name);
4923  reset_by_modified_env(nam);
4924  VALUE val = getenv_with_lock(nam);
4925 
4926  if (!NIL_P(val)) {
4927  ruby_setenv(nam, 0);
4928  }
4929  return val;
4930 }
4931 
4932 /*
4933  * call-seq:
4934  * ENV.delete(name) -> value
4935  * ENV.delete(name) { |name| block } -> value
4936  * ENV.delete(missing_name) -> nil
4937  * ENV.delete(missing_name) { |name| block } -> block_value
4938  *
4939  * Deletes the environment variable with +name+ if it exists and returns its value:
4940  * ENV['foo'] = '0'
4941  * ENV.delete('foo') # => '0'
4942  *
4943  * If a block is not given and the named environment variable does not exist, returns +nil+.
4944  *
4945  * If a block given and the environment variable does not exist,
4946  * yields +name+ to the block and returns the value of the block:
4947  * ENV.delete('foo') { |name| name * 2 } # => "foofoo"
4948  *
4949  * If a block given and the environment variable exists,
4950  * deletes the environment variable and returns its value (ignoring the block):
4951  * ENV['foo'] = '0'
4952  * ENV.delete('foo') { |name| raise 'ignored' } # => "0"
4953  *
4954  * Raises an exception if +name+ is invalid.
4955  * See {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values].
4956  */
4957 static VALUE
4958 env_delete_m(VALUE obj, VALUE name)
4959 {
4960  VALUE val;
4961 
4962  val = env_delete(name);
4963  if (NIL_P(val) && rb_block_given_p()) val = rb_yield(name);
4964  return val;
4965 }
4966 
4967 /*
4968  * call-seq:
4969  * ENV[name] -> value
4970  *
4971  * Returns the value for the environment variable +name+ if it exists:
4972  * ENV['foo'] = '0'
4973  * ENV['foo'] # => "0"
4974  * Returns +nil+ if the named variable does not exist.
4975  *
4976  * Raises an exception if +name+ is invalid.
4977  * See {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values].
4978  */
4979 static VALUE
4980 rb_f_getenv(VALUE obj, VALUE name)
4981 {
4982  const char *nam = env_name(name);
4983  VALUE env = getenv_with_lock(nam);
4984  return env;
4985 }
4986 
4987 /*
4988  * call-seq:
4989  * ENV.fetch(name) -> value
4990  * ENV.fetch(name, default) -> value
4991  * ENV.fetch(name) { |name| block } -> value
4992  *
4993  * If +name+ is the name of an environment variable, returns its value:
4994  * ENV['foo'] = '0'
4995  * ENV.fetch('foo') # => '0'
4996  * Otherwise if a block is given (but not a default value),
4997  * yields +name+ to the block and returns the block's return value:
4998  * ENV.fetch('foo') { |name| :need_not_return_a_string } # => :need_not_return_a_string
4999  * Otherwise if a default value is given (but not a block), returns the default value:
5000  * ENV.delete('foo')
5001  * ENV.fetch('foo', :default_need_not_be_a_string) # => :default_need_not_be_a_string
5002  * If the environment variable does not exist and both default and block are given,
5003  * issues a warning ("warning: block supersedes default value argument"),
5004  * yields +name+ to the block, and returns the block's return value:
5005  * ENV.fetch('foo', :default) { |name| :block_return } # => :block_return
5006  * Raises KeyError if +name+ is valid, but not found,
5007  * and neither default value nor block is given:
5008  * ENV.fetch('foo') # Raises KeyError (key not found: "foo")
5009  * Raises an exception if +name+ is invalid.
5010  * See {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values].
5011  */
5012 static VALUE
5013 env_fetch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
5014 {
5015  VALUE key;
5016  long block_given;
5017  const char *nam;
5018  VALUE env;
5019 
5020  rb_check_arity(argc, 1, 2);
5021  key = argv[0];
5022  block_given = rb_block_given_p();
5023  if (block_given && argc == 2) {
5024  rb_warn("block supersedes default value argument");
5025  }
5026  nam = env_name(key);
5027  env = getenv_with_lock(nam);
5028 
5029  if (NIL_P(env)) {
5030  if (block_given) return rb_yield(key);
5031  if (argc == 1) {
5032  rb_key_err_raise(rb_sprintf("key not found: \"%"PRIsVALUE"\"", key), envtbl, key);
5033  }
5034  return argv[1];
5035  }
5036  return env;
5037 }
5038 
5039 #if defined(_WIN32) || (defined(HAVE_SETENV) && defined(HAVE_UNSETENV))
5040 #elif defined __sun
5041 static int
5042 in_origenv(const char *str)
5043 {
5044  char **env;
5045  for (env = origenviron; *env; ++env) {
5046  if (*env == str) return 1;
5047  }
5048  return 0;
5049 }
5050 #else
5051 static int
5052 envix(const char *nam)
5053 {
5054  // should be locked
5055 
5056  register int i, len = strlen(nam);
5057  char **env;
5058 
5059  env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
5060  for (i = 0; env[i]; i++) {
5061  if (ENVNMATCH(env[i],nam,len) && env[i][len] == '=')
5062  break; /* memcmp must come first to avoid */
5063  } /* potential SEGV's */
5064  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
5065  return i;
5066 }
5067 #endif
5068 
5069 #if defined(_WIN32) || \
5070  (defined(__sun) && !(defined(HAVE_SETENV) && defined(HAVE_UNSETENV)))
5071 
5072 NORETURN(static void invalid_envname(const char *name));
5073 
5074 static void
5075 invalid_envname(const char *name)
5076 {
5077  rb_syserr_fail_str(EINVAL, rb_sprintf("ruby_setenv(%s)", name));
5078 }
5079 
5080 static const char *
5081 check_envname(const char *name)
5082 {
5083  if (strchr(name, '=')) {
5084  invalid_envname(name);
5085  }
5086  return name;
5087 }
5088 #endif
5089 
5090 void
5091 ruby_setenv(const char *name, const char *value)
5092 {
5093 #if defined(_WIN32)
5094  VALUE buf;
5095  WCHAR *wname;
5096  WCHAR *wvalue = 0;
5097  int failed = 0;
5098  int len;
5099  check_envname(name);
5100  len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, name, -1, NULL, 0);
5101  if (value) {
5102  int len2;
5103  len2 = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, value, -1, NULL, 0);
5104  wname = ALLOCV_N(WCHAR, buf, len + len2);
5105  wvalue = wname + len;
5106  MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, name, -1, wname, len);
5107  MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, value, -1, wvalue, len2);
5108  }
5109  else {
5110  wname = ALLOCV_N(WCHAR, buf, len + 1);
5111  MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, name, -1, wname, len);
5112  wvalue = wname + len;
5113  *wvalue = L'\0';
5114  }
5115 
5116  ENV_LOCK();
5117  {
5118  /* Use _wputenv_s() instead of SetEnvironmentVariableW() to make sure
5119  * special variables like "TZ" are interpret by libc. */
5120  failed = _wputenv_s(wname, wvalue);
5121  }
5122  ENV_UNLOCK();
5123 
5124  ALLOCV_END(buf);
5125  /* even if putenv() failed, clean up and try to delete the
5126  * variable from the system area. */
5127  if (!value || !*value) {
5128  /* putenv() doesn't handle empty value */
5129  if (!SetEnvironmentVariableW(wname, value ? wvalue : NULL) &&
5130  GetLastError() != ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND) goto fail;
5131  }
5132  if (failed) {
5133  fail:
5134  invalid_envname(name);
5135  }
5136 #elif defined(HAVE_SETENV) && defined(HAVE_UNSETENV)
5137  if (value) {
5138  int ret;
5139  ENV_LOCK();
5140  {
5141  ret = setenv(name, value, 1);
5142  }
5143  ENV_UNLOCK();
5144 
5145  if (ret) rb_sys_fail_sprintf("setenv(%s)", name);
5146  }
5147  else {
5148 #ifdef VOID_UNSETENV
5149  ENV_LOCK();
5150  {
5151  unsetenv(name);
5152  }
5153  ENV_UNLOCK();
5154 #else
5155  int ret;
5156  ENV_LOCK();
5157  {
5158  ret = unsetenv(name);
5159  }
5160  ENV_UNLOCK();
5161 
5162  if (ret) rb_sys_fail_sprintf("unsetenv(%s)", name);
5163 #endif
5164  }
5165 #elif defined __sun
5166  /* Solaris 9 (or earlier) does not have setenv(3C) and unsetenv(3C). */
5167  /* The below code was tested on Solaris 10 by:
5168  % ./configure ac_cv_func_setenv=no ac_cv_func_unsetenv=no
5169  */
5170  size_t len, mem_size;
5171  char **env_ptr, *str, *mem_ptr;
5172 
5173  check_envname(name);
5174  len = strlen(name);
5175  if (value) {
5176  mem_size = len + strlen(value) + 2;
5177  mem_ptr = malloc(mem_size);
5178  if (mem_ptr == NULL)
5179  rb_sys_fail_sprintf("malloc(%"PRIuSIZE")", mem_size);
5180  snprintf(mem_ptr, mem_size, "%s=%s", name, value);
5181  }
5182 
5183  ENV_LOCK();
5184  {
5185  for (env_ptr = GET_ENVIRON(environ); (str = *env_ptr) != 0; ++env_ptr) {
5186  if (!strncmp(str, name, len) && str[len] == '=') {
5187  if (!in_origenv(str)) free(str);
5188  while ((env_ptr[0] = env_ptr[1]) != 0) env_ptr++;
5189  break;
5190  }
5191  }
5192  }
5193  ENV_UNLOCK();
5194 
5195  if (value) {
5196  int ret;
5197  ENV_LOCK();
5198  {
5199  ret = putenv(mem_ptr);
5200  }
5201  ENV_UNLOCK();
5202 
5203  if (ret) {
5204  free(mem_ptr);
5205  rb_sys_fail_sprintf("putenv(%s)", name);
5206  }
5207  }
5208 #else /* WIN32 */
5209  size_t len;
5210  int i;
5211 
5212  ENV_LOCK();
5213  {
5214  i = envix(name); /* where does it go? */
5215 
5216  if (environ == origenviron) { /* need we copy environment? */
5217  int j;
5218  int max;
5219  char **tmpenv;
5220 
5221  for (max = i; environ[max]; max++) ;
5222  tmpenv = ALLOC_N(char*, max+2);
5223  for (j=0; j<max; j++) /* copy environment */
5224  tmpenv[j] = ruby_strdup(environ[j]);
5225  tmpenv[max] = 0;
5226  environ = tmpenv; /* tell exec where it is now */
5227  }
5228 
5229  if (environ[i]) {
5230  char **envp = origenviron;
5231  while (*envp && *envp != environ[i]) envp++;
5232  if (!*envp)
5233  xfree(environ[i]);
5234  if (!value) {
5235  while (environ[i]) {
5236  environ[i] = environ[i+1];
5237  i++;
5238  }
5239  goto finish;
5240  }
5241  }
5242  else { /* does not exist yet */
5243  if (!value) goto finish;
5244  REALLOC_N(environ, char*, i+2); /* just expand it a bit */
5245  environ[i+1] = 0; /* make sure it's null terminated */
5246  }
5247 
5248  len = strlen(name) + strlen(value) + 2;
5249  environ[i] = ALLOC_N(char, len);
5250  snprintf(environ[i],len,"%s=%s",name,value); /* all that work just for this */
5251 
5252  finish:;
5253  }
5254  ENV_UNLOCK();
5255 #endif /* WIN32 */
5256 }
5257 
5258 void
5259 ruby_unsetenv(const char *name)
5260 {
5261  ruby_setenv(name, 0);
5262 }
5263 
5264 /*
5265  * call-seq:
5266  * ENV[name] = value -> value
5267  * ENV.store(name, value) -> value
5268  *
5269  * Creates, updates, or deletes the named environment variable, returning the value.
5270  * Both +name+ and +value+ may be instances of String.
5271  * See {Valid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Valid+Names+and+Values].
5272  *
5273  * - If the named environment variable does not exist:
5274  * - If +value+ is +nil+, does nothing.
5275  * ENV.clear
5276  * ENV['foo'] = nil # => nil
5277  * ENV.include?('foo') # => false
5278  * ENV.store('bar', nil) # => nil
5279  * ENV.include?('bar') # => false
5280  * - If +value+ is not +nil+, creates the environment variable with +name+ and +value+:
5281  * # Create 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
5282  * ENV['foo'] = '0' # => '0'
5283  * ENV['foo'] # => '0'
5284  * # Create 'bar' using ENV.store.
5285  * ENV.store('bar', '1') # => '1'
5286  * ENV['bar'] # => '1'
5287  * - If the named environment variable exists:
5288  * - If +value+ is not +nil+, updates the environment variable with value +value+:
5289  * # Update 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
5290  * ENV['foo'] = '2' # => '2'
5291  * ENV['foo'] # => '2'
5292  * # Update 'bar' using ENV.store.
5293  * ENV.store('bar', '3') # => '3'
5294  * ENV['bar'] # => '3'
5295  * - If +value+ is +nil+, deletes the environment variable:
5296  * # Delete 'foo' using ENV.[]=.
5297  * ENV['foo'] = nil # => nil
5298  * ENV.include?('foo') # => false
5299  * # Delete 'bar' using ENV.store.
5300  * ENV.store('bar', nil) # => nil
5301  * ENV.include?('bar') # => false
5302  *
5303  * Raises an exception if +name+ or +value+ is invalid.
5304  * See {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values].
5305  */
5306 static VALUE
5307 env_aset_m(VALUE obj, VALUE nm, VALUE val)
5308 {
5309  return env_aset(nm, val);
5310 }
5311 
5312 static VALUE
5313 env_aset(VALUE nm, VALUE val)
5314 {
5315  char *name, *value;
5316 
5317  if (NIL_P(val)) {
5318  env_delete(nm);
5319  return Qnil;
5320  }
5321  StringValue(nm);
5322  StringValue(val);
5323  /* nm can be modified in `val.to_str`, don't get `name` before
5324  * check for `val` */
5325  get_env_ptr(name, nm);
5326  get_env_ptr(value, val);
5327 
5328  ruby_setenv(name, value);
5329  reset_by_modified_env(name);
5330  return val;
5331 }
5332 
5333 static VALUE
5334 env_keys(int raw)
5335 {
5336  rb_encoding *enc = raw ? 0 : rb_locale_encoding();
5337  VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
5338 
5339  ENV_LOCK();
5340  {
5341  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
5342  while (*env) {
5343  char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
5344  if (s) {
5345  const char *p = *env;
5346  size_t l = s - p;
5347  VALUE e = raw ? rb_utf8_str_new(p, l) : env_enc_str_new(p, l, enc);
5348  rb_ary_push(ary, e);
5349  }
5350  env++;
5351  }
5352  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
5353  }
5354  ENV_UNLOCK();
5355 
5356  return ary;
5357 }
5358 
5359 /*
5360  * call-seq:
5361  * ENV.keys -> array of names
5362  *
5363  * Returns all variable names in an Array:
5364  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
5365  * ENV.keys # => ['bar', 'foo']
5366  * The order of the names is OS-dependent.
5367  * See {About Ordering}[rdoc-ref:ENV@About+Ordering].
5368  *
5369  * Returns the empty Array if ENV is empty.
5370  */
5371 
5372 static VALUE
5373 env_f_keys(VALUE _)
5374 {
5375  return env_keys(FALSE);
5376 }
5377 
5378 static VALUE
5379 rb_env_size(VALUE ehash, VALUE args, VALUE eobj)
5380 {
5381  char **env;
5382  long cnt = 0;
5383 
5384  ENV_LOCK();
5385  {
5386  env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
5387  for (; *env ; ++env) {
5388  if (strchr(*env, '=')) {
5389  cnt++;
5390  }
5391  }
5392  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
5393  }
5394  ENV_UNLOCK();
5395 
5396  return LONG2FIX(cnt);
5397 }
5398 
5399 /*
5400  * call-seq:
5401  * ENV.each_key { |name| block } -> ENV
5402  * ENV.each_key -> an_enumerator
5403  *
5404  * Yields each environment variable name:
5405  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1') # => ENV
5406  * names = []
5407  * ENV.each_key { |name| names.push(name) } # => ENV
5408  * names # => ["bar", "foo"]
5409  *
5410  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
5411  * e = ENV.each_key # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}:each_key>
5412  * names = []
5413  * e.each { |name| names.push(name) } # => ENV
5414  * names # => ["bar", "foo"]
5415  */
5416 static VALUE
5417 env_each_key(VALUE ehash)
5418 {
5419  VALUE keys;
5420  long i;
5421 
5422  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
5423  keys = env_keys(FALSE);
5424  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
5425  rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
5426  }
5427  return ehash;
5428 }
5429 
5430 static VALUE
5431 env_values(void)
5432 {
5433  VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
5434 
5435  ENV_LOCK();
5436  {
5437  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
5438 
5439  while (*env) {
5440  char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
5441  if (s) {
5442  rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new2(s+1));
5443  }
5444  env++;
5445  }
5446  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
5447  }
5448  ENV_UNLOCK();
5449 
5450  return ary;
5451 }
5452 
5453 /*
5454  * call-seq:
5455  * ENV.values -> array of values
5456  *
5457  * Returns all environment variable values in an Array:
5458  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
5459  * ENV.values # => ['1', '0']
5460  * The order of the values is OS-dependent.
5461  * See {About Ordering}[rdoc-ref:ENV@About+Ordering].
5462  *
5463  * Returns the empty Array if ENV is empty.
5464  */
5465 static VALUE
5466 env_f_values(VALUE _)
5467 {
5468  return env_values();
5469 }
5470 
5471 /*
5472  * call-seq:
5473  * ENV.each_value { |value| block } -> ENV
5474  * ENV.each_value -> an_enumerator
5475  *
5476  * Yields each environment variable value:
5477  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1') # => ENV
5478  * values = []
5479  * ENV.each_value { |value| values.push(value) } # => ENV
5480  * values # => ["1", "0"]
5481  *
5482  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
5483  * e = ENV.each_value # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}:each_value>
5484  * values = []
5485  * e.each { |value| values.push(value) } # => ENV
5486  * values # => ["1", "0"]
5487  */
5488 static VALUE
5489 env_each_value(VALUE ehash)
5490 {
5491  VALUE values;
5492  long i;
5493 
5494  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
5495  values = env_values();
5496  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(values); i++) {
5497  rb_yield(RARRAY_AREF(values, i));
5498  }
5499  return ehash;
5500 }
5501 
5502 /*
5503  * call-seq:
5504  * ENV.each { |name, value| block } -> ENV
5505  * ENV.each -> an_enumerator
5506  * ENV.each_pair { |name, value| block } -> ENV
5507  * ENV.each_pair -> an_enumerator
5508  *
5509  * Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array:
5510  * h = {}
5511  * ENV.each_pair { |name, value| h[name] = value } # => ENV
5512  * h # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
5513  *
5514  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
5515  * h = {}
5516  * e = ENV.each_pair # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}:each_pair>
5517  * e.each { |name, value| h[name] = value } # => ENV
5518  * h # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
5519  */
5520 static VALUE
5521 env_each_pair(VALUE ehash)
5522 {
5523  long i;
5524 
5525  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
5526 
5527  VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
5528 
5529  ENV_LOCK();
5530  {
5531  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
5532 
5533  while (*env) {
5534  char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
5535  if (s) {
5536  rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new(*env, s-*env));
5537  rb_ary_push(ary, env_str_new2(s+1));
5538  }
5539  env++;
5540  }
5541  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
5542  }
5543  ENV_UNLOCK();
5544 
5545  if (rb_block_pair_yield_optimizable()) {
5546  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i+=2) {
5547  rb_yield_values(2, RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, i+1));
5548  }
5549  }
5550  else {
5551  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i+=2) {
5552  rb_yield(rb_assoc_new(RARRAY_AREF(ary, i), RARRAY_AREF(ary, i+1)));
5553  }
5554  }
5555 
5556  return ehash;
5557 }
5558 
5559 /*
5560  * call-seq:
5561  * ENV.reject! { |name, value| block } -> ENV or nil
5562  * ENV.reject! -> an_enumerator
5563  *
5564  * Similar to ENV.delete_if, but returns +nil+ if no changes were made.
5565  *
5566  * Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array,
5567  * deleting each environment variable for which the block returns a truthy value,
5568  * and returning ENV (if any deletions) or +nil+ (if not):
5569  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5570  * ENV.reject! { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5571  * ENV # => {"foo"=>"0"}
5572  * ENV.reject! { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => nil
5573  *
5574  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
5575  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5576  * e = ENV.reject! # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2", "foo"=>"0"}:reject!>
5577  * e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5578  * ENV # => {"foo"=>"0"}
5579  * e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => nil
5580  */
5581 static VALUE
5582 env_reject_bang(VALUE ehash)
5583 {
5584  VALUE keys;
5585  long i;
5586  int del = 0;
5587 
5588  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
5589  keys = env_keys(FALSE);
5590  RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(keys);
5591  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
5592  VALUE val = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
5593  if (!NIL_P(val)) {
5594  if (RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i), val))) {
5595  env_delete(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
5596  del++;
5597  }
5598  }
5599  }
5600  RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
5601  if (del == 0) return Qnil;
5602  return envtbl;
5603 }
5604 
5605 /*
5606  * call-seq:
5607  * ENV.delete_if { |name, value| block } -> ENV
5608  * ENV.delete_if -> an_enumerator
5609  *
5610  * Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array,
5611  * deleting each environment variable for which the block returns a truthy value,
5612  * and returning ENV (regardless of whether any deletions):
5613  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5614  * ENV.delete_if { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5615  * ENV # => {"foo"=>"0"}
5616  * ENV.delete_if { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5617  *
5618  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
5619  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5620  * e = ENV.delete_if # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2", "foo"=>"0"}:delete_if!>
5621  * e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5622  * ENV # => {"foo"=>"0"}
5623  * e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5624  */
5625 static VALUE
5626 env_delete_if(VALUE ehash)
5627 {
5628  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
5629  env_reject_bang(ehash);
5630  return envtbl;
5631 }
5632 
5633 /*
5634  * call-seq:
5635  * ENV.values_at(*names) -> array of values
5636  *
5637  * Returns an Array containing the environment variable values associated with
5638  * the given names:
5639  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5640  * ENV.values_at('foo', 'baz') # => ["0", "2"]
5641  *
5642  * Returns +nil+ in the Array for each name that is not an ENV name:
5643  * ENV.values_at('foo', 'bat', 'bar', 'bam') # => ["0", nil, "1", nil]
5644  *
5645  * Returns an empty Array if no names given.
5646  *
5647  * Raises an exception if any name is invalid.
5648  * See {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values].
5649  */
5650 static VALUE
5651 env_values_at(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
5652 {
5653  VALUE result;
5654  long i;
5655 
5656  result = rb_ary_new();
5657  for (i=0; i<argc; i++) {
5658  rb_ary_push(result, rb_f_getenv(Qnil, argv[i]));
5659  }
5660  return result;
5661 }
5662 
5663 /*
5664  * call-seq:
5665  * ENV.select { |name, value| block } -> hash of name/value pairs
5666  * ENV.select -> an_enumerator
5667  * ENV.filter { |name, value| block } -> hash of name/value pairs
5668  * ENV.filter -> an_enumerator
5669  *
5670  * Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array,
5671  * returning a Hash of the names and values for which the block returns a truthy value:
5672  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5673  * ENV.select { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5674  * ENV.filter { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5675  *
5676  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
5677  * e = ENV.select # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2", "foo"=>"0"}:select>
5678  * e.each { |name, value | name.start_with?('b') } # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5679  * e = ENV.filter # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2", "foo"=>"0"}:filter>
5680  * e.each { |name, value | name.start_with?('b') } # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5681  */
5682 static VALUE
5683 env_select(VALUE ehash)
5684 {
5685  VALUE result;
5686  VALUE keys;
5687  long i;
5688 
5689  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
5690  result = rb_hash_new();
5691  keys = env_keys(FALSE);
5692  for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(keys); ++i) {
5693  VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);
5694  VALUE val = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, key);
5695  if (!NIL_P(val)) {
5696  if (RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, key, val))) {
5697  rb_hash_aset(result, key, val);
5698  }
5699  }
5700  }
5701  RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
5702 
5703  return result;
5704 }
5705 
5706 /*
5707  * call-seq:
5708  * ENV.select! { |name, value| block } -> ENV or nil
5709  * ENV.select! -> an_enumerator
5710  * ENV.filter! { |name, value| block } -> ENV or nil
5711  * ENV.filter! -> an_enumerator
5712  *
5713  * Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array,
5714  * deleting each entry for which the block returns +false+ or +nil+,
5715  * and returning ENV if any deletions made, or +nil+ otherwise:
5716  *
5717  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5718  * ENV.select! { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5719  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5720  * ENV.select! { |name, value| true } # => nil
5721  *
5722  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5723  * ENV.filter! { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5724  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5725  * ENV.filter! { |name, value| true } # => nil
5726  *
5727  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
5728  *
5729  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5730  * e = ENV.select! # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}:select!>
5731  * e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5732  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5733  * e.each { |name, value| true } # => nil
5734  *
5735  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5736  * e = ENV.filter! # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}:filter!>
5737  * e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5738  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5739  * e.each { |name, value| true } # => nil
5740  */
5741 static VALUE
5742 env_select_bang(VALUE ehash)
5743 {
5744  VALUE keys;
5745  long i;
5746  int del = 0;
5747 
5748  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
5749  keys = env_keys(FALSE);
5750  RBASIC_CLEAR_CLASS(keys);
5751  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
5752  VALUE val = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
5753  if (!NIL_P(val)) {
5754  if (!RTEST(rb_yield_values(2, RARRAY_AREF(keys, i), val))) {
5755  env_delete(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
5756  del++;
5757  }
5758  }
5759  }
5760  RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
5761  if (del == 0) return Qnil;
5762  return envtbl;
5763 }
5764 
5765 /*
5766  * call-seq:
5767  * ENV.keep_if { |name, value| block } -> ENV
5768  * ENV.keep_if -> an_enumerator
5769  *
5770  * Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array,
5771  * deleting each environment variable for which the block returns +false+ or +nil+,
5772  * and returning ENV:
5773  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5774  * ENV.keep_if { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5775  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5776  *
5777  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
5778  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
5779  * e = ENV.keep_if # => #<Enumerator: {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2", "foo"=>"0"}:keep_if>
5780  * e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => ENV
5781  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "baz"=>"2"}
5782  */
5783 static VALUE
5784 env_keep_if(VALUE ehash)
5785 {
5786  RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(ehash, 0, 0, rb_env_size);
5787  env_select_bang(ehash);
5788  return envtbl;
5789 }
5790 
5791 /*
5792  * call-seq:
5793  * ENV.slice(*names) -> hash of name/value pairs
5794  *
5795  * Returns a Hash of the given ENV names and their corresponding values:
5796  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2', 'bat' => '3')
5797  * ENV.slice('foo', 'baz') # => {"foo"=>"0", "baz"=>"2"}
5798  * ENV.slice('baz', 'foo') # => {"baz"=>"2", "foo"=>"0"}
5799  * Raises an exception if any of the +names+ is invalid
5800  * (see {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values]):
5801  * ENV.slice('foo', 'bar', :bat) # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Symbol into String)
5802  */
5803 static VALUE
5804 env_slice(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
5805 {
5806  int i;
5807  VALUE key, value, result;
5808 
5809  if (argc == 0) {
5810  return rb_hash_new();
5811  }
5812  result = rb_hash_new_with_size(argc);
5813 
5814  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
5815  key = argv[i];
5816  value = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, key);
5817  if (value != Qnil)
5818  rb_hash_aset(result, key, value);
5819  }
5820 
5821  return result;
5822 }
5823 
5824 VALUE
5826 {
5827  VALUE keys;
5828  long i;
5829 
5830  keys = env_keys(TRUE);
5831  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
5832  VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);
5833  const char *nam = RSTRING_PTR(key);
5834  ruby_setenv(nam, 0);
5835  }
5836  RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
5837  return envtbl;
5838 }
5839 
5840 /*
5841  * call-seq:
5842  * ENV.clear -> ENV
5843  *
5844  * Removes every environment variable; returns ENV:
5845  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
5846  * ENV.size # => 2
5847  * ENV.clear # => ENV
5848  * ENV.size # => 0
5849  */
5850 static VALUE
5851 env_clear(VALUE _)
5852 {
5853  return rb_env_clear();
5854 }
5855 
5856 /*
5857  * call-seq:
5858  * ENV.to_s -> "ENV"
5859  *
5860  * Returns String 'ENV':
5861  * ENV.to_s # => "ENV"
5862  */
5863 static VALUE
5864 env_to_s(VALUE _)
5865 {
5866  return rb_usascii_str_new2("ENV");
5867 }
5868 
5869 /*
5870  * call-seq:
5871  * ENV.inspect -> a_string
5872  *
5873  * Returns the contents of the environment as a String:
5874  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
5875  * ENV.inspect # => "{\"bar\"=>\"1\", \"foo\"=>\"0\"}"
5876  */
5877 static VALUE
5878 env_inspect(VALUE _)
5879 {
5880  VALUE i;
5881  VALUE str = rb_str_buf_new2("{");
5882 
5883  ENV_LOCK();
5884  {
5885  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
5886  while (*env) {
5887  char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
5888 
5889  if (env != environ) {
5890  rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ", ");
5891  }
5892  if (s) {
5893  rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "\"");
5894  rb_str_buf_cat(str, *env, s-*env);
5895  rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "\"=>");
5896  i = rb_inspect(rb_str_new2(s+1));
5897  rb_str_buf_append(str, i);
5898  }
5899  env++;
5900  }
5901  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
5902  }
5903  ENV_UNLOCK();
5904 
5905  rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "}");
5906 
5907  return str;
5908 }
5909 
5910 /*
5911  * call-seq:
5912  * ENV.to_a -> array of 2-element arrays
5913  *
5914  * Returns the contents of ENV as an Array of 2-element Arrays,
5915  * each of which is a name/value pair:
5916  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
5917  * ENV.to_a # => [["bar", "1"], ["foo", "0"]]
5918  */
5919 static VALUE
5920 env_to_a(VALUE _)
5921 {
5922  VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
5923 
5924  ENV_LOCK();
5925  {
5926  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
5927  while (*env) {
5928  char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
5929  if (s) {
5930  rb_ary_push(ary, rb_assoc_new(env_str_new(*env, s-*env),
5931  env_str_new2(s+1)));
5932  }
5933  env++;
5934  }
5935  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
5936  }
5937  ENV_UNLOCK();
5938 
5939  return ary;
5940 }
5941 
5942 /*
5943  * call-seq:
5944  * ENV.rehash -> nil
5945  *
5946  * (Provided for compatibility with Hash.)
5947  *
5948  * Does not modify ENV; returns +nil+.
5949  */
5950 static VALUE
5951 env_none(VALUE _)
5952 {
5953  return Qnil;
5954 }
5955 
5956 static int
5957 env_size_with_lock(void)
5958 {
5959  int i = 0;
5960 
5961  ENV_LOCK();
5962  {
5963  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
5964  while (env[i]) i++;
5965  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
5966  }
5967  ENV_UNLOCK();
5968 
5969  return i;
5970 }
5971 
5972 /*
5973  * call-seq:
5974  * ENV.length -> an_integer
5975  * ENV.size -> an_integer
5976  *
5977  * Returns the count of environment variables:
5978  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
5979  * ENV.length # => 2
5980  * ENV.size # => 2
5981  */
5982 static VALUE
5983 env_size(VALUE _)
5984 {
5985  return INT2FIX(env_size_with_lock());
5986 }
5987 
5988 /*
5989  * call-seq:
5990  * ENV.empty? -> true or false
5991  *
5992  * Returns +true+ when there are no environment variables, +false+ otherwise:
5993  * ENV.clear
5994  * ENV.empty? # => true
5995  * ENV['foo'] = '0'
5996  * ENV.empty? # => false
5997  */
5998 static VALUE
5999 env_empty_p(VALUE _)
6000 {
6001  bool empty = true;
6002 
6003  ENV_LOCK();
6004  {
6005  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
6006  if (env[0] != 0) {
6007  empty = false;
6008  }
6009  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
6010  }
6011  ENV_UNLOCK();
6012 
6013  return RBOOL(empty);
6014 }
6015 
6016 /*
6017  * call-seq:
6018  * ENV.include?(name) -> true or false
6019  * ENV.has_key?(name) -> true or false
6020  * ENV.member?(name) -> true or false
6021  * ENV.key?(name) -> true or false
6022  *
6023  * Returns +true+ if there is an environment variable with the given +name+:
6024  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6025  * ENV.include?('foo') # => true
6026  * Returns +false+ if +name+ is a valid String and there is no such environment variable:
6027  * ENV.include?('baz') # => false
6028  * Returns +false+ if +name+ is the empty String or is a String containing character <code>'='</code>:
6029  * ENV.include?('') # => false
6030  * ENV.include?('=') # => false
6031  * Raises an exception if +name+ is a String containing the NUL character <code>"\0"</code>:
6032  * ENV.include?("\0") # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)
6033  * Raises an exception if +name+ has an encoding that is not ASCII-compatible:
6034  * ENV.include?("\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE))
6035  * # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: UTF-16LE)
6036  * Raises an exception if +name+ is not a String:
6037  * ENV.include?(Object.new) # TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
6038  */
6039 static VALUE
6040 env_has_key(VALUE env, VALUE key)
6041 {
6042  const char *s = env_name(key);
6043  return RBOOL(has_env_with_lock(s));
6044 }
6045 
6046 /*
6047  * call-seq:
6048  * ENV.assoc(name) -> [name, value] or nil
6049  *
6050  * Returns a 2-element Array containing the name and value of the environment variable
6051  * for +name+ if it exists:
6052  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6053  * ENV.assoc('foo') # => ['foo', '0']
6054  * Returns +nil+ if +name+ is a valid String and there is no such environment variable.
6055  *
6056  * Returns +nil+ if +name+ is the empty String or is a String containing character <code>'='</code>.
6057  *
6058  * Raises an exception if +name+ is a String containing the NUL character <code>"\0"</code>:
6059  * ENV.assoc("\0") # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)
6060  * Raises an exception if +name+ has an encoding that is not ASCII-compatible:
6061  * ENV.assoc("\xa1\xa1".force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_16LE))
6062  * # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: UTF-16LE)
6063  * Raises an exception if +name+ is not a String:
6064  * ENV.assoc(Object.new) # TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
6065  */
6066 static VALUE
6067 env_assoc(VALUE env, VALUE key)
6068 {
6069  const char *s = env_name(key);
6070  VALUE e = getenv_with_lock(s);
6071 
6072  if (!NIL_P(e)) {
6073  return rb_assoc_new(key, e);
6074  }
6075  else {
6076  return Qnil;
6077  }
6078 }
6079 
6080 /*
6081  * call-seq:
6082  * ENV.value?(value) -> true or false
6083  * ENV.has_value?(value) -> true or false
6084  *
6085  * Returns +true+ if +value+ is the value for some environment variable name, +false+ otherwise:
6086  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6087  * ENV.value?('0') # => true
6088  * ENV.has_value?('0') # => true
6089  * ENV.value?('2') # => false
6090  * ENV.has_value?('2') # => false
6091  */
6092 static VALUE
6093 env_has_value(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
6094 {
6095  obj = rb_check_string_type(obj);
6096  if (NIL_P(obj)) return Qnil;
6097 
6098  VALUE ret = Qfalse;
6099 
6100  ENV_LOCK();
6101  {
6102  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
6103  while (*env) {
6104  char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
6105  if (s++) {
6106  long len = strlen(s);
6107  if (RSTRING_LEN(obj) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(obj), len) == 0) {
6108  ret = Qtrue;
6109  break;
6110  }
6111  }
6112  env++;
6113  }
6114  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
6115  }
6116  ENV_UNLOCK();
6117 
6118  return ret;
6119 }
6120 
6121 /*
6122  * call-seq:
6123  * ENV.rassoc(value) -> [name, value] or nil
6124  *
6125  * Returns a 2-element Array containing the name and value of the
6126  * *first* *found* environment variable that has value +value+, if one
6127  * exists:
6128  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '0')
6129  * ENV.rassoc('0') # => ["bar", "0"]
6130  * The order in which environment variables are examined is OS-dependent.
6131  * See {About Ordering}[rdoc-ref:ENV@About+Ordering].
6132  *
6133  * Returns +nil+ if there is no such environment variable.
6134  */
6135 static VALUE
6136 env_rassoc(VALUE dmy, VALUE obj)
6137 {
6138  obj = rb_check_string_type(obj);
6139  if (NIL_P(obj)) return Qnil;
6140 
6141  VALUE result = Qnil;
6142 
6143  ENV_LOCK();
6144  {
6145  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
6146 
6147  while (*env) {
6148  const char *p = *env;
6149  char *s = strchr(p, '=');
6150  if (s++) {
6151  long len = strlen(s);
6152  if (RSTRING_LEN(obj) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(obj), len) == 0) {
6153  result = rb_assoc_new(rb_str_new(p, s-p-1), obj);
6154  break;
6155  }
6156  }
6157  env++;
6158  }
6159  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
6160  }
6161  ENV_UNLOCK();
6162 
6163  return result;
6164 }
6165 
6166 /*
6167  * call-seq:
6168  * ENV.key(value) -> name or nil
6169  *
6170  * Returns the name of the first environment variable with +value+, if it exists:
6171  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '0')
6172  * ENV.key('0') # => "foo"
6173  * The order in which environment variables are examined is OS-dependent.
6174  * See {About Ordering}[rdoc-ref:ENV@About+Ordering].
6175  *
6176  * Returns +nil+ if there is no such value.
6177  *
6178  * Raises an exception if +value+ is invalid:
6179  * ENV.key(Object.new) # raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
6180  * See {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values].
6181  */
6182 static VALUE
6183 env_key(VALUE dmy, VALUE value)
6184 {
6185  StringValue(value);
6186  VALUE str = Qnil;
6187 
6188  ENV_LOCK();
6189  {
6190  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
6191  while (*env) {
6192  char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
6193  if (s++) {
6194  long len = strlen(s);
6195  if (RSTRING_LEN(value) == len && strncmp(s, RSTRING_PTR(value), len) == 0) {
6196  str = env_str_new(*env, s-*env-1);
6197  break;
6198  }
6199  }
6200  env++;
6201  }
6202  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
6203  }
6204  ENV_UNLOCK();
6205 
6206  return str;
6207 }
6208 
6209 static VALUE
6210 env_to_hash(void)
6211 {
6212  VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
6213 
6214  ENV_LOCK();
6215  {
6216  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
6217  while (*env) {
6218  char *s = strchr(*env, '=');
6219  if (s) {
6220  rb_hash_aset(hash, env_str_new(*env, s-*env),
6221  env_str_new2(s+1));
6222  }
6223  env++;
6224  }
6225  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
6226  }
6227  ENV_UNLOCK();
6228 
6229  return hash;
6230 }
6231 
6232 VALUE
6233 rb_envtbl(void)
6234 {
6235  return envtbl;
6236 }
6237 
6238 VALUE
6239 rb_env_to_hash(void)
6240 {
6241  return env_to_hash();
6242 }
6243 
6244 /*
6245  * call-seq:
6246  * ENV.to_hash -> hash of name/value pairs
6247  *
6248  * Returns a Hash containing all name/value pairs from ENV:
6249  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6250  * ENV.to_hash # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
6251  */
6252 
6253 static VALUE
6254 env_f_to_hash(VALUE _)
6255 {
6256  return env_to_hash();
6257 }
6258 
6259 /*
6260  * call-seq:
6261  * ENV.to_h -> hash of name/value pairs
6262  * ENV.to_h {|name, value| block } -> hash of name/value pairs
6263  *
6264  * With no block, returns a Hash containing all name/value pairs from ENV:
6265  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6266  * ENV.to_h # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
6267  * With a block, returns a Hash whose items are determined by the block.
6268  * Each name/value pair in ENV is yielded to the block.
6269  * The block must return a 2-element Array (name/value pair)
6270  * that is added to the return Hash as a key and value:
6271  * ENV.to_h { |name, value| [name.to_sym, value.to_i] } # => {:bar=>1, :foo=>0}
6272  * Raises an exception if the block does not return an Array:
6273  * ENV.to_h { |name, value| name } # Raises TypeError (wrong element type String (expected array))
6274  * Raises an exception if the block returns an Array of the wrong size:
6275  * ENV.to_h { |name, value| [name] } # Raises ArgumentError (element has wrong array length (expected 2, was 1))
6276  */
6277 static VALUE
6278 env_to_h(VALUE _)
6279 {
6280  VALUE hash = env_to_hash();
6281  if (rb_block_given_p()) {
6282  hash = rb_hash_to_h_block(hash);
6283  }
6284  return hash;
6285 }
6286 
6287 /*
6288  * call-seq:
6289  * ENV.except(*keys) -> a_hash
6290  *
6291  * Returns a hash except the given keys from ENV and their values.
6292  *
6293  * ENV #=> {"LANG"=>"en_US.UTF-8", "TERM"=>"xterm-256color", "HOME"=>"/Users/rhc"}
6294  * ENV.except("TERM","HOME") #=> {"LANG"=>"en_US.UTF-8"}
6295  */
6296 static VALUE
6297 env_except(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE _)
6298 {
6299  int i;
6300  VALUE key, hash = env_to_hash();
6301 
6302  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
6303  key = argv[i];
6304  rb_hash_delete(hash, key);
6305  }
6306 
6307  return hash;
6308 }
6309 
6310 /*
6311  * call-seq:
6312  * ENV.reject { |name, value| block } -> hash of name/value pairs
6313  * ENV.reject -> an_enumerator
6314  *
6315  * Yields each environment variable name and its value as a 2-element Array.
6316  * Returns a Hash whose items are determined by the block.
6317  * When the block returns a truthy value, the name/value pair is added to the return Hash;
6318  * otherwise the pair is ignored:
6319  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1', 'baz' => '2')
6320  * ENV.reject { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => {"foo"=>"0"}
6321  * Returns an Enumerator if no block given:
6322  * e = ENV.reject
6323  * e.each { |name, value| name.start_with?('b') } # => {"foo"=>"0"}
6324  */
6325 static VALUE
6326 env_reject(VALUE _)
6327 {
6328  return rb_hash_delete_if(env_to_hash());
6329 }
6330 
6331 NORETURN(static VALUE env_freeze(VALUE self));
6332 /*
6333  * call-seq:
6334  * ENV.freeze
6335  *
6336  * Raises an exception:
6337  * ENV.freeze # Raises TypeError (cannot freeze ENV)
6338  */
6339 static VALUE
6340 env_freeze(VALUE self)
6341 {
6342  rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "cannot freeze ENV");
6343  UNREACHABLE_RETURN(self);
6344 }
6345 
6346 /*
6347  * call-seq:
6348  * ENV.shift -> [name, value] or nil
6349  *
6350  * Removes the first environment variable from ENV and returns
6351  * a 2-element Array containing its name and value:
6352  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6353  * ENV.to_hash # => {'bar' => '1', 'foo' => '0'}
6354  * ENV.shift # => ['bar', '1']
6355  * ENV.to_hash # => {'foo' => '0'}
6356  * Exactly which environment variable is "first" is OS-dependent.
6357  * See {About Ordering}[rdoc-ref:ENV@About+Ordering].
6358  *
6359  * Returns +nil+ if the environment is empty.
6360  */
6361 static VALUE
6362 env_shift(VALUE _)
6363 {
6364  VALUE result = Qnil;
6365  VALUE key = Qnil;
6366 
6367  ENV_LOCK();
6368  {
6369  char **env = GET_ENVIRON(environ);
6370  if (*env) {
6371  const char *p = *env;
6372  char *s = strchr(p, '=');
6373  if (s) {
6374  key = env_str_new(p, s-p);
6375  VALUE val = env_str_new2(getenv(RSTRING_PTR(key)));
6376  result = rb_assoc_new(key, val);
6377  }
6378  }
6379  FREE_ENVIRON(environ);
6380  }
6381  ENV_UNLOCK();
6382 
6383  if (!NIL_P(key)) {
6384  env_delete(key);
6385  }
6386 
6387  return result;
6388 }
6389 
6390 /*
6391  * call-seq:
6392  * ENV.invert -> hash of value/name pairs
6393  *
6394  * Returns a Hash whose keys are the ENV values,
6395  * and whose values are the corresponding ENV names:
6396  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6397  * ENV.invert # => {"1"=>"bar", "0"=>"foo"}
6398  * For a duplicate ENV value, overwrites the hash entry:
6399  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '0')
6400  * ENV.invert # => {"0"=>"foo"}
6401  * Note that the order of the ENV processing is OS-dependent,
6402  * which means that the order of overwriting is also OS-dependent.
6403  * See {About Ordering}[rdoc-ref:ENV@About+Ordering].
6404  */
6405 static VALUE
6406 env_invert(VALUE _)
6407 {
6408  return rb_hash_invert(env_to_hash());
6409 }
6410 
6411 static void
6412 keylist_delete(VALUE keys, VALUE key)
6413 {
6414  long keylen, elen;
6415  const char *keyptr, *eptr;
6416  RSTRING_GETMEM(key, keyptr, keylen);
6417  /* Don't stop at first key, as it is possible to have
6418  multiple environment values with the same key.
6419  */
6420  for (long i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
6421  VALUE e = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);
6422  RSTRING_GETMEM(e, eptr, elen);
6423  if (elen != keylen) continue;
6424  if (!ENVNMATCH(keyptr, eptr, elen)) continue;
6425  rb_ary_delete_at(keys, i);
6426  i--;
6427  }
6428 }
6429 
6430 static int
6431 env_replace_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE keys)
6432 {
6433  env_name(key);
6434  env_aset(key, val);
6435 
6436  keylist_delete(keys, key);
6437  return ST_CONTINUE;
6438 }
6439 
6440 /*
6441  * call-seq:
6442  * ENV.replace(hash) -> ENV
6443  *
6444  * Replaces the entire content of the environment variables
6445  * with the name/value pairs in the given +hash+;
6446  * returns ENV.
6447  *
6448  * Replaces the content of ENV with the given pairs:
6449  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1') # => ENV
6450  * ENV.to_hash # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
6451  *
6452  * Raises an exception if a name or value is invalid
6453  * (see {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values]):
6454  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', :bar => '1') # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Symbol into String)
6455  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => 1) # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Integer into String)
6456  * ENV.to_hash # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
6457  */
6458 static VALUE
6459 env_replace(VALUE env, VALUE hash)
6460 {
6461  VALUE keys;
6462  long i;
6463 
6464  keys = env_keys(TRUE);
6465  if (env == hash) return env;
6466  hash = to_hash(hash);
6467  rb_hash_foreach(hash, env_replace_i, keys);
6468 
6469  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
6470  env_delete(RARRAY_AREF(keys, i));
6471  }
6472  RB_GC_GUARD(keys);
6473  return env;
6474 }
6475 
6476 static int
6477 env_update_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _)
6478 {
6479  env_aset(key, val);
6480  return ST_CONTINUE;
6481 }
6482 
6483 static int
6484 env_update_block_i(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE _)
6485 {
6486  VALUE oldval = rb_f_getenv(Qnil, key);
6487  if (!NIL_P(oldval)) {
6488  val = rb_yield_values(3, key, oldval, val);
6489  }
6490  env_aset(key, val);
6491  return ST_CONTINUE;
6492 }
6493 
6494 /*
6495  * call-seq:
6496  * ENV.update -> ENV
6497  * ENV.update(*hashes) -> ENV
6498  * ENV.update(*hashes) { |name, env_val, hash_val| block } -> ENV
6499  * ENV.merge! -> ENV
6500  * ENV.merge!(*hashes) -> ENV
6501  * ENV.merge!(*hashes) { |name, env_val, hash_val| block } -> ENV
6502  *
6503  * Adds to ENV each key/value pair in the given +hash+; returns ENV:
6504  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6505  * ENV.merge!('baz' => '2', 'bat' => '3') # => {"bar"=>"1", "bat"=>"3", "baz"=>"2", "foo"=>"0"}
6506  * Deletes the ENV entry for a hash value that is +nil+:
6507  * ENV.merge!('baz' => nil, 'bat' => nil) # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"0"}
6508  * For an already-existing name, if no block given, overwrites the ENV value:
6509  * ENV.merge!('foo' => '4') # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"4"}
6510  * For an already-existing name, if block given,
6511  * yields the name, its ENV value, and its hash value;
6512  * the block's return value becomes the new name:
6513  * ENV.merge!('foo' => '5') { |name, env_val, hash_val | env_val + hash_val } # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"45"}
6514  * Raises an exception if a name or value is invalid
6515  * (see {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values]);
6516  * ENV.replace('foo' => '0', 'bar' => '1')
6517  * ENV.merge!('foo' => '6', :bar => '7', 'baz' => '9') # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Symbol into String)
6518  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"6"}
6519  * ENV.merge!('foo' => '7', 'bar' => 8, 'baz' => '9') # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Integer into String)
6520  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "foo"=>"7"}
6521  * Raises an exception if the block returns an invalid name:
6522  * (see {Invalid Names and Values}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Invalid+Names+and+Values]):
6523  * ENV.merge!('bat' => '8', 'foo' => '9') { |name, env_val, hash_val | 10 } # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Integer into String)
6524  * ENV # => {"bar"=>"1", "bat"=>"8", "foo"=>"7"}
6525  *
6526  * Note that for the exceptions above,
6527  * hash pairs preceding an invalid name or value are processed normally;
6528  * those following are ignored.
6529  */
6530 static VALUE
6531 env_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE env)
6532 {
6533  rb_foreach_func *func = rb_block_given_p() ?
6534  env_update_block_i : env_update_i;
6535  for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
6536  VALUE hash = argv[i];
6537  if (env == hash) continue;
6538  hash = to_hash(hash);
6539  rb_hash_foreach(hash, func, 0);
6540  }
6541  return env;
6542 }
6543 
6544 NORETURN(static VALUE env_clone(int, VALUE *, VALUE));
6545 /*
6546  * call-seq:
6547  * ENV.clone(freeze: nil) # raises TypeError
6548  *
6549  * Raises TypeError, because ENV is a wrapper for the process-wide
6550  * environment variables and a clone is useless.
6551  * Use #to_h to get a copy of ENV data as a hash.
6552  */
6553 static VALUE
6554 env_clone(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
6555 {
6556  if (argc) {
6557  VALUE opt;
6558  if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "0:", &opt) < argc) {
6559  rb_get_freeze_opt(1, &opt);
6560  }
6561  }
6562 
6563  rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Cannot clone ENV, use ENV.to_h to get a copy of ENV as a hash");
6564 }
6565 
6566 NORETURN(static VALUE env_dup(VALUE));
6567 /*
6568  * call-seq:
6569  * ENV.dup # raises TypeError
6570  *
6571  * Raises TypeError, because ENV is a singleton object.
6572  * Use #to_h to get a copy of ENV data as a hash.
6573  */
6574 static VALUE
6575 env_dup(VALUE obj)
6576 {
6577  rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Cannot dup ENV, use ENV.to_h to get a copy of ENV as a hash");
6578 }
6579 
6580 static const rb_data_type_t env_data_type = {
6581  "ENV",
6582  {
6583  NULL,
6584  NULL,
6585  NULL,
6586  NULL,
6587  },
6588  0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY | RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED,
6589 };
6590 
6591 /*
6592  * A +Hash+ maps each of its unique keys to a specific value.
6593  *
6594  * A +Hash+ has certain similarities to an Array, but:
6595  * - An Array index is always an Integer.
6596  * - A +Hash+ key can be (almost) any object.
6597  *
6598  * === +Hash+ \Data Syntax
6599  *
6600  * The older syntax for +Hash+ data uses the "hash rocket," <tt>=></tt>:
6601  *
6602  * h = {:foo => 0, :bar => 1, :baz => 2}
6603  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6604  *
6605  * Alternatively, but only for a +Hash+ key that's a Symbol,
6606  * you can use a newer JSON-style syntax,
6607  * where each bareword becomes a Symbol:
6608  *
6609  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
6610  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6611  *
6612  * You can also use a String in place of a bareword:
6613  *
6614  * h = {'foo': 0, 'bar': 1, 'baz': 2}
6615  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6616  *
6617  * And you can mix the styles:
6618  *
6619  * h = {foo: 0, :bar => 1, 'baz': 2}
6620  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6621  *
6622  * But it's an error to try the JSON-style syntax
6623  * for a key that's not a bareword or a String:
6624  *
6625  * # Raises SyntaxError (syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting =>):
6626  * h = {0: 'zero'}
6627  *
6628  * +Hash+ value can be omitted, meaning that value will be fetched from the context
6629  * by the name of the key:
6630  *
6631  * x = 0
6632  * y = 100
6633  * h = {x:, y:}
6634  * h # => {:x=>0, :y=>100}
6635  *
6636  * === Common Uses
6637  *
6638  * You can use a +Hash+ to give names to objects:
6639  *
6640  * person = {name: 'Matz', language: 'Ruby'}
6641  * person # => {:name=>"Matz", :language=>"Ruby"}
6642  *
6643  * You can use a +Hash+ to give names to method arguments:
6644  *
6645  * def some_method(hash)
6646  * p hash
6647  * end
6648  * some_method({foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}) # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6649  *
6650  * Note: when the last argument in a method call is a +Hash+,
6651  * the curly braces may be omitted:
6652  *
6653  * some_method(foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2) # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6654  *
6655  * You can use a +Hash+ to initialize an object:
6656  *
6657  * class Dev
6658  * attr_accessor :name, :language
6659  * def initialize(hash)
6660  * self.name = hash[:name]
6661  * self.language = hash[:language]
6662  * end
6663  * end
6664  * matz = Dev.new(name: 'Matz', language: 'Ruby')
6665  * matz # => #<Dev: @name="Matz", @language="Ruby">
6666  *
6667  * === Creating a +Hash+
6668  *
6669  * You can create a +Hash+ object explicitly with:
6670  *
6671  * - A {hash literal}[rdoc-ref:syntax/literals.rdoc@Hash+Literals].
6672  *
6673  * You can convert certain objects to Hashes with:
6674  *
6675  * - \Method #Hash.
6676  *
6677  * You can create a +Hash+ by calling method Hash.new.
6678  *
6679  * Create an empty +Hash+:
6680  *
6681  * h = Hash.new
6682  * h # => {}
6683  * h.class # => Hash
6684  *
6685  * You can create a +Hash+ by calling method Hash.[].
6686  *
6687  * Create an empty +Hash+:
6688  *
6689  * h = Hash[]
6690  * h # => {}
6691  *
6692  * Create a +Hash+ with initial entries:
6693  *
6694  * h = Hash[foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2]
6695  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6696  *
6697  * You can create a +Hash+ by using its literal form (curly braces).
6698  *
6699  * Create an empty +Hash+:
6700  *
6701  * h = {}
6702  * h # => {}
6703  *
6704  * Create a +Hash+ with initial entries:
6705  *
6706  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
6707  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6708  *
6709  *
6710  * === +Hash+ Value Basics
6711  *
6712  * The simplest way to retrieve a +Hash+ value (instance method #[]):
6713  *
6714  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
6715  * h[:foo] # => 0
6716  *
6717  * The simplest way to create or update a +Hash+ value (instance method #[]=):
6718  *
6719  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
6720  * h[:bat] = 3 # => 3
6721  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2, :bat=>3}
6722  * h[:foo] = 4 # => 4
6723  * h # => {:foo=>4, :bar=>1, :baz=>2, :bat=>3}
6724  *
6725  * The simplest way to delete a +Hash+ entry (instance method #delete):
6726  *
6727  * h = {foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: 2}
6728  * h.delete(:bar) # => 1
6729  * h # => {:foo=>0, :baz=>2}
6730  *
6731  * === Entry Order
6732  *
6733  * A +Hash+ object presents its entries in the order of their creation. This is seen in:
6734  *
6735  * - Iterative methods such as <tt>each</tt>, <tt>each_key</tt>, <tt>each_pair</tt>, <tt>each_value</tt>.
6736  * - Other order-sensitive methods such as <tt>shift</tt>, <tt>keys</tt>, <tt>values</tt>.
6737  * - The String returned by method <tt>inspect</tt>.
6738  *
6739  * A new +Hash+ has its initial ordering per the given entries:
6740  *
6741  * h = Hash[foo: 0, bar: 1]
6742  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1}
6743  *
6744  * New entries are added at the end:
6745  *
6746  * h[:baz] = 2
6747  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>2}
6748  *
6749  * Updating a value does not affect the order:
6750  *
6751  * h[:baz] = 3
6752  * h # => {:foo=>0, :bar=>1, :baz=>3}
6753  *
6754  * But re-creating a deleted entry can affect the order:
6755  *
6756  * h.delete(:foo)
6757  * h[:foo] = 5
6758  * h # => {:bar=>1, :baz=>3, :foo=>5}
6759  *
6760  * === +Hash+ Keys
6761  *
6762  * ==== +Hash+ Key Equivalence
6763  *
6764  * Two objects are treated as the same \hash key when their <code>hash</code> value
6765  * is identical and the two objects are <code>eql?</code> to each other.
6766  *
6767  * ==== Modifying an Active +Hash+ Key
6768  *
6769  * Modifying a +Hash+ key while it is in use damages the hash's index.
6770  *
6771  * This +Hash+ has keys that are Arrays:
6772  *
6773  * a0 = [ :foo, :bar ]
6774  * a1 = [ :baz, :bat ]
6775  * h = {a0 => 0, a1 => 1}
6776  * h.include?(a0) # => true
6777  * h[a0] # => 0
6778  * a0.hash # => 110002110
6779  *
6780  * Modifying array element <tt>a0[0]</tt> changes its hash value:
6781  *
6782  * a0[0] = :bam
6783  * a0.hash # => 1069447059
6784  *
6785  * And damages the +Hash+ index:
6786  *
6787  * h.include?(a0) # => false
6788  * h[a0] # => nil
6789  *
6790  * You can repair the hash index using method +rehash+:
6791  *
6792  * h.rehash # => {[:bam, :bar]=>0, [:baz, :bat]=>1}
6793  * h.include?(a0) # => true
6794  * h[a0] # => 0
6795  *
6796  * A String key is always safe.
6797  * That's because an unfrozen String
6798  * passed as a key will be replaced by a duplicated and frozen String:
6799  *
6800  * s = 'foo'
6801  * s.frozen? # => false
6802  * h = {s => 0}
6803  * first_key = h.keys.first
6804  * first_key.frozen? # => true
6805  *
6806  * ==== User-Defined +Hash+ Keys
6807  *
6808  * To be usable as a +Hash+ key, objects must implement the methods <code>hash</code> and <code>eql?</code>.
6809  * Note: this requirement does not apply if the +Hash+ uses #compare_by_identity since comparison will then
6810  * rely on the keys' object id instead of <code>hash</code> and <code>eql?</code>.
6811  *
6812  * Object defines basic implementation for <code>hash</code> and <code>eq?</code> that makes each object
6813  * a distinct key. Typically, user-defined classes will want to override these methods to provide meaningful
6814  * behavior, or for example inherit Struct that has useful definitions for these.
6815  *
6816  * A typical implementation of <code>hash</code> is based on the
6817  * object's data while <code>eql?</code> is usually aliased to the overridden
6818  * <code>==</code> method:
6819  *
6820  * class Book
6821  * attr_reader :author, :title
6822  *
6823  * def initialize(author, title)
6824  * @author = author
6825  * @title = title
6826  * end
6827  *
6828  * def ==(other)
6829  * self.class === other &&
6830  * other.author == @author &&
6831  * other.title == @title
6832  * end
6833  *
6834  * alias eql? ==
6835  *
6836  * def hash
6837  * [self.class, @author, @title].hash
6838  * end
6839  * end
6840  *
6841  * book1 = Book.new 'matz', 'Ruby in a Nutshell'
6842  * book2 = Book.new 'matz', 'Ruby in a Nutshell'
6843  *
6844  * reviews = {}
6845  *
6846  * reviews[book1] = 'Great reference!'
6847  * reviews[book2] = 'Nice and compact!'
6848  *
6849  * reviews.length #=> 1
6850  *
6851  * === Default Values
6852  *
6853  * The methods #[], #values_at and #dig need to return the value associated to a certain key.
6854  * When that key is not found, that value will be determined by its default proc (if any)
6855  * or else its default (initially `nil`).
6856  *
6857  * You can retrieve the default value with method #default:
6858  *
6859  * h = Hash.new
6860  * h.default # => nil
6861  *
6862  * You can set the default value by passing an argument to method Hash.new or
6863  * with method #default=
6864  *
6865  * h = Hash.new(-1)
6866  * h.default # => -1
6867  * h.default = 0
6868  * h.default # => 0
6869  *
6870  * This default value is returned for #[], #values_at and #dig when a key is
6871  * not found:
6872  *
6873  * counts = {foo: 42}
6874  * counts.default # => nil (default)
6875  * counts[:foo] = 42
6876  * counts[:bar] # => nil
6877  * counts.default = 0
6878  * counts[:bar] # => 0
6879  * counts.values_at(:foo, :bar, :baz) # => [42, 0, 0]
6880  * counts.dig(:bar) # => 0
6881  *
6882  * Note that the default value is used without being duplicated. It is not advised to set
6883  * the default value to a mutable object:
6884  *
6885  * synonyms = Hash.new([])
6886  * synonyms[:hello] # => []
6887  * synonyms[:hello] << :hi # => [:hi], but this mutates the default!
6888  * synonyms.default # => [:hi]
6889  * synonyms[:world] << :universe
6890  * synonyms[:world] # => [:hi, :universe], oops
6891  * synonyms.keys # => [], oops
6892  *
6893  * To use a mutable object as default, it is recommended to use a default proc
6894  *
6895  * ==== Default Proc
6896  *
6897  * When the default proc for a +Hash+ is set (i.e., not +nil+),
6898  * the default value returned by method #[] is determined by the default proc alone.
6899  *
6900  * You can retrieve the default proc with method #default_proc:
6901  *
6902  * h = Hash.new
6903  * h.default_proc # => nil
6904  *
6905  * You can set the default proc by calling Hash.new with a block or
6906  * calling the method #default_proc=
6907  *
6908  * h = Hash.new { |hash, key| "Default value for #{key}" }
6909  * h.default_proc.class # => Proc
6910  * h.default_proc = proc { |hash, key| "Default value for #{key.inspect}" }
6911  * h.default_proc.class # => Proc
6912  *
6913  * When the default proc is set (i.e., not +nil+)
6914  * and method #[] is called with with a non-existent key,
6915  * #[] calls the default proc with both the +Hash+ object itself and the missing key,
6916  * then returns the proc's return value:
6917  *
6918  * h = Hash.new { |hash, key| "Default value for #{key}" }
6919  * h[:nosuch] # => "Default value for nosuch"
6920  *
6921  * Note that in the example above no entry for key +:nosuch+ is created:
6922  *
6923  * h.include?(:nosuch) # => false
6924  *
6925  * However, the proc itself can add a new entry:
6926  *
6927  * synonyms = Hash.new { |hash, key| hash[key] = [] }
6928  * synonyms.include?(:hello) # => false
6929  * synonyms[:hello] << :hi # => [:hi]
6930  * synonyms[:world] << :universe # => [:universe]
6931  * synonyms.keys # => [:hello, :world]
6932  *
6933  * Note that setting the default proc will clear the default value and vice versa.
6934  *
6935  * Be aware that a default proc that modifies the hash is not thread-safe in the
6936  * sense that multiple threads can call into the default proc concurrently for the
6937  * same key.
6938  *
6939  * === What's Here
6940  *
6941  * First, what's elsewhere. \Class +Hash+:
6942  *
6943  * - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
6944  * - Includes {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
6945  * which provides dozens of additional methods.
6946  *
6947  * Here, class +Hash+ provides methods that are useful for:
6948  *
6949  * - {Creating a Hash}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Creating+a+Hash]
6950  * - {Setting Hash State}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Setting+Hash+State]
6951  * - {Querying}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Querying]
6952  * - {Comparing}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Comparing]
6953  * - {Fetching}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Fetching]
6954  * - {Assigning}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Assigning]
6955  * - {Deleting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Deleting]
6956  * - {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Iterating]
6957  * - {Converting}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Converting]
6958  * - {Transforming Keys and Values}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Methods+for+Transforming+Keys+and+Values]
6959  * - {And more....}[rdoc-ref:Hash@Other+Methods]
6960  *
6961  * \Class +Hash+ also includes methods from module Enumerable.
6962  *
6963  * ==== Methods for Creating a +Hash+
6964  *
6965  * - ::[]: Returns a new hash populated with given objects.
6966  * - ::new: Returns a new empty hash.
6967  * - ::try_convert: Returns a new hash created from a given object.
6968  *
6969  * ==== Methods for Setting +Hash+ State
6970  *
6971  * - #compare_by_identity: Sets +self+ to consider only identity in comparing keys.
6972  * - #default=: Sets the default to a given value.
6973  * - #default_proc=: Sets the default proc to a given proc.
6974  * - #rehash: Rebuilds the hash table by recomputing the hash index for each key.
6975  *
6976  * ==== Methods for Querying
6977  *
6978  * - #any?: Returns whether any element satisfies a given criterion.
6979  * - #compare_by_identity?: Returns whether the hash considers only identity when comparing keys.
6980  * - #default: Returns the default value, or the default value for a given key.
6981  * - #default_proc: Returns the default proc.
6982  * - #empty?: Returns whether there are no entries.
6983  * - #eql?: Returns whether a given object is equal to +self+.
6984  * - #hash: Returns the integer hash code.
6985  * - #has_value? (aliased as #value?): Returns whether a given object is a value in +self+.
6986  * - #include? (aliased as #has_key?, #member?, #key?): Returns whether a given object is a key in +self+.
6987  * - #size (aliased as #length): Returns the count of entries.
6988  *
6989  * ==== Methods for Comparing
6990  *
6991  * - #<: Returns whether +self+ is a proper subset of a given object.
6992  * - #<=: Returns whether +self+ is a subset of a given object.
6993  * - #==: Returns whether a given object is equal to +self+.
6994  * - #>: Returns whether +self+ is a proper superset of a given object
6995  * - #>=: Returns whether +self+ is a superset of a given object.
6996  *
6997  * ==== Methods for Fetching
6998  *
6999  * - #[]: Returns the value associated with a given key.
7000  * - #assoc: Returns a 2-element array containing a given key and its value.
7001  * - #dig: Returns the object in nested objects that is specified
7002  * by a given key and additional arguments.
7003  * - #fetch: Returns the value for a given key.
7004  * - #fetch_values: Returns array containing the values associated with given keys.
7005  * - #key: Returns the key for the first-found entry with a given value.
7006  * - #keys: Returns an array containing all keys in +self+.
7007  * - #rassoc: Returns a 2-element array consisting of the key and value
7008  * of the first-found entry having a given value.
7009  * - #values: Returns an array containing all values in +self+/
7010  * - #values_at: Returns an array containing values for given keys.
7011  *
7012  * ==== Methods for Assigning
7013  *
7014  * - #[]= (aliased as #store): Associates a given key with a given value.
7015  * - #merge: Returns the hash formed by merging each given hash into a copy of +self+.
7016  * - #update (aliased as #merge!): Merges each given hash into +self+.
7017  * - #replace (aliased as #initialize_copy): Replaces the entire contents of +self+ with the contents of a given hash.
7018  *
7019  * ==== Methods for Deleting
7020  *
7021  * These methods remove entries from +self+:
7022  *
7023  * - #clear: Removes all entries from +self+.
7024  * - #compact!: Removes all +nil+-valued entries from +self+.
7025  * - #delete: Removes the entry for a given key.
7026  * - #delete_if: Removes entries selected by a given block.
7027  * - #select! (aliased as #filter!): Keep only those entries selected by a given block.
7028  * - #keep_if: Keep only those entries selected by a given block.
7029  * - #reject!: Removes entries selected by a given block.
7030  * - #shift: Removes and returns the first entry.
7031  *
7032  * These methods return a copy of +self+ with some entries removed:
7033  *
7034  * - #compact: Returns a copy of +self+ with all +nil+-valued entries removed.
7035  * - #except: Returns a copy of +self+ with entries removed for specified keys.
7036  * - #select (aliased as #filter): Returns a copy of +self+ with only those entries selected by a given block.
7037  * - #reject: Returns a copy of +self+ with entries removed as specified by a given block.
7038  * - #slice: Returns a hash containing the entries for given keys.
7039  *
7040  * ==== Methods for Iterating
7041  * - #each_pair (aliased as #each): Calls a given block with each key-value pair.
7042  * - #each_key: Calls a given block with each key.
7043  * - #each_value: Calls a given block with each value.
7044  *
7045  * ==== Methods for Converting
7046  *
7047  * - #inspect (aliased as #to_s): Returns a new String containing the hash entries.
7048  * - #to_a: Returns a new array of 2-element arrays;
7049  * each nested array contains a key-value pair from +self+.
7050  * - #to_h: Returns +self+ if a +Hash+;
7051  * if a subclass of +Hash+, returns a +Hash+ containing the entries from +self+.
7052  * - #to_hash: Returns +self+.
7053  * - #to_proc: Returns a proc that maps a given key to its value.
7054  *
7055  * ==== Methods for Transforming Keys and Values
7056  *
7057  * - #transform_keys: Returns a copy of +self+ with modified keys.
7058  * - #transform_keys!: Modifies keys in +self+
7059  * - #transform_values: Returns a copy of +self+ with modified values.
7060  * - #transform_values!: Modifies values in +self+.
7061  *
7062  * ==== Other Methods
7063  * - #flatten: Returns an array that is a 1-dimensional flattening of +self+.
7064  * - #invert: Returns a hash with the each key-value pair inverted.
7065  *
7066  */
7067 
7068 void
7069 Init_Hash(void)
7070 {
7071  id_hash = rb_intern_const("hash");
7072  id_flatten_bang = rb_intern_const("flatten!");
7073  id_hash_iter_lev = rb_make_internal_id();
7074 
7075  rb_cHash = rb_define_class("Hash", rb_cObject);
7076 
7078 
7079  rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cHash, empty_hash_alloc);
7080  rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cHash, "[]", rb_hash_s_create, -1);
7081  rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cHash, "try_convert", rb_hash_s_try_convert, 1);
7082  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "initialize_copy", rb_hash_replace, 1);
7083  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "rehash", rb_hash_rehash, 0);
7084  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "freeze", rb_hash_freeze, 0);
7085 
7086  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "to_hash", rb_hash_to_hash, 0);
7087  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "to_h", rb_hash_to_h, 0);
7088  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "to_a", rb_hash_to_a, 0);
7089  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "inspect", rb_hash_inspect, 0);
7090  rb_define_alias(rb_cHash, "to_s", "inspect");
7091  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "to_proc", rb_hash_to_proc, 0);
7092 
7093  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "==", rb_hash_equal, 1);
7095  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "hash", rb_hash_hash, 0);
7096  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "eql?", rb_hash_eql, 1);
7097  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "fetch", rb_hash_fetch_m, -1);
7099  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "store", rb_hash_aset, 2);
7100  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "default", rb_hash_default, -1);
7101  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "default=", rb_hash_set_default, 1);
7102  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "default_proc", rb_hash_default_proc, 0);
7103  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "default_proc=", rb_hash_set_default_proc, 1);
7104  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "key", rb_hash_key, 1);
7105  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "size", rb_hash_size, 0);
7106  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "length", rb_hash_size, 0);
7107  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "empty?", rb_hash_empty_p, 0);
7108 
7109  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "each_value", rb_hash_each_value, 0);
7110  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "each_key", rb_hash_each_key, 0);
7111  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "each_pair", rb_hash_each_pair, 0);
7112  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "each", rb_hash_each_pair, 0);
7113 
7114  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "transform_keys", rb_hash_transform_keys, -1);
7115  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "transform_keys!", rb_hash_transform_keys_bang, -1);
7116  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "transform_values", rb_hash_transform_values, 0);
7117  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "transform_values!", rb_hash_transform_values_bang, 0);
7118 
7119  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "keys", rb_hash_keys, 0);
7120  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "values", rb_hash_values, 0);
7121  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "values_at", rb_hash_values_at, -1);
7122  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "fetch_values", rb_hash_fetch_values, -1);
7123 
7124  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "shift", rb_hash_shift, 0);
7125  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "delete", rb_hash_delete_m, 1);
7126  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "delete_if", rb_hash_delete_if, 0);
7127  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "keep_if", rb_hash_keep_if, 0);
7128  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "select", rb_hash_select, 0);
7129  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "select!", rb_hash_select_bang, 0);
7130  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "filter", rb_hash_select, 0);
7131  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "filter!", rb_hash_select_bang, 0);
7132  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "reject", rb_hash_reject, 0);
7133  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "reject!", rb_hash_reject_bang, 0);
7134  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "slice", rb_hash_slice, -1);
7135  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "except", rb_hash_except, -1);
7136  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "clear", rb_hash_clear, 0);
7137  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "invert", rb_hash_invert, 0);
7138  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "update", rb_hash_update, -1);
7139  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "replace", rb_hash_replace, 1);
7140  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "merge!", rb_hash_update, -1);
7141  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "merge", rb_hash_merge, -1);
7142  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "assoc", rb_hash_assoc, 1);
7143  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "rassoc", rb_hash_rassoc, 1);
7144  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "flatten", rb_hash_flatten, -1);
7145  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "compact", rb_hash_compact, 0);
7146  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "compact!", rb_hash_compact_bang, 0);
7147 
7148  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "include?", rb_hash_has_key, 1);
7149  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "member?", rb_hash_has_key, 1);
7150  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "has_key?", rb_hash_has_key, 1);
7151  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "has_value?", rb_hash_has_value, 1);
7152  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "key?", rb_hash_has_key, 1);
7153  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "value?", rb_hash_has_value, 1);
7154 
7155  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "compare_by_identity", rb_hash_compare_by_id, 0);
7156  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "compare_by_identity?", rb_hash_compare_by_id_p, 0);
7157 
7158  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "any?", rb_hash_any_p, -1);
7159  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "dig", rb_hash_dig, -1);
7160 
7161  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "<=", rb_hash_le, 1);
7162  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "<", rb_hash_lt, 1);
7163  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, ">=", rb_hash_ge, 1);
7164  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, ">", rb_hash_gt, 1);
7165 
7166  rb_define_method(rb_cHash, "deconstruct_keys", rb_hash_deconstruct_keys, 1);
7167 
7168  rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cHash, "ruby2_keywords_hash?", rb_hash_s_ruby2_keywords_hash_p, 1);
7169  rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cHash, "ruby2_keywords_hash", rb_hash_s_ruby2_keywords_hash, 1);
7170 
7171  rb_cHash_empty_frozen = rb_hash_freeze(rb_hash_new());
7172  rb_vm_register_global_object(rb_cHash_empty_frozen);
7173 
7174  /* Document-class: ENV
7175  *
7176  * +ENV+ is a hash-like accessor for environment variables.
7177  *
7178  * === Interaction with the Operating System
7179  *
7180  * The +ENV+ object interacts with the operating system's environment variables:
7181  *
7182  * - When you get the value for a name in +ENV+, the value is retrieved from among the current environment variables.
7183  * - When you create or set a name-value pair in +ENV+, the name and value are immediately set in the environment variables.
7184  * - When you delete a name-value pair in +ENV+, it is immediately deleted from the environment variables.
7185  *
7186  * === Names and Values
7187  *
7188  * Generally, a name or value is a String.
7189  *
7190  * ==== Valid Names and Values
7191  *
7192  * Each name or value must be one of the following:
7193  *
7194  * - A String.
7195  * - An object that responds to \#to_str by returning a String, in which case that String will be used as the name or value.
7196  *
7197  * ==== Invalid Names and Values
7198  *
7199  * A new name:
7200  *
7201  * - May not be the empty string:
7202  * ENV[''] = '0'
7203  * # Raises Errno::EINVAL (Invalid argument - ruby_setenv())
7204  *
7205  * - May not contain character <code>"="</code>:
7206  * ENV['='] = '0'
7207  * # Raises Errno::EINVAL (Invalid argument - ruby_setenv(=))
7208  *
7209  * A new name or value:
7210  *
7211  * - May not be a non-String that does not respond to \#to_str:
7212  *
7213  * ENV['foo'] = Object.new
7214  * # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
7215  * ENV[Object.new] = '0'
7216  * # Raises TypeError (no implicit conversion of Object into String)
7217  *
7218  * - May not contain the NUL character <code>"\0"</code>:
7219  *
7220  * ENV['foo'] = "\0"
7221  * # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable value: contains null byte)
7222  * ENV["\0"] == '0'
7223  * # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: contains null byte)
7224  *
7225  * - May not have an ASCII-incompatible encoding such as UTF-16LE or ISO-2022-JP:
7226  *
7227  * ENV['foo'] = '0'.force_encoding(Encoding::ISO_2022_JP)
7228  * # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: ISO-2022-JP)
7229  * ENV["foo".force_encoding(Encoding::ISO_2022_JP)] = '0'
7230  * # Raises ArgumentError (bad environment variable name: ASCII incompatible encoding: ISO-2022-JP)
7231  *
7232  * === About Ordering
7233  *
7234  * +ENV+ enumerates its name/value pairs in the order found
7235  * in the operating system's environment variables.
7236  * Therefore the ordering of +ENV+ content is OS-dependent, and may be indeterminate.
7237  *
7238  * This will be seen in:
7239  * - A Hash returned by an +ENV+ method.
7240  * - An Enumerator returned by an +ENV+ method.
7241  * - An Array returned by ENV.keys, ENV.values, or ENV.to_a.
7242  * - The String returned by ENV.inspect.
7243  * - The Array returned by ENV.shift.
7244  * - The name returned by ENV.key.
7245  *
7246  * === About the Examples
7247  * Some methods in +ENV+ return +ENV+ itself. Typically, there are many environment variables.
7248  * It's not useful to display a large +ENV+ in the examples here,
7249  * so most example snippets begin by resetting the contents of +ENV+:
7250  * - ENV.replace replaces +ENV+ with a new collection of entries.
7251  * - ENV.clear empties +ENV+.
7252  *
7253  * === What's Here
7254  *
7255  * First, what's elsewhere. \Class +ENV+:
7256  *
7257  * - Inherits from {class Object}[rdoc-ref:Object@What-27s+Here].
7258  * - Extends {module Enumerable}[rdoc-ref:Enumerable@What-27s+Here],
7259  *
7260  * Here, class +ENV+ provides methods that are useful for:
7261  *
7262  * - {Querying}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Methods+for+Querying]
7263  * - {Assigning}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Methods+for+Assigning]
7264  * - {Deleting}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Methods+for+Deleting]
7265  * - {Iterating}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Methods+for+Iterating]
7266  * - {Converting}[rdoc-ref:ENV@Methods+for+Converting]
7267  * - {And more ....}[rdoc-ref:ENV@More+Methods]
7268  *
7269  * ==== Methods for Querying
7270  *
7271  * - ::[]: Returns the value for the given environment variable name if it exists:
7272  * - ::empty?: Returns whether +ENV+ is empty.
7273  * - ::has_value?, ::value?: Returns whether the given value is in +ENV+.
7274  * - ::include?, ::has_key?, ::key?, ::member?: Returns whether the given name
7275  is in +ENV+.
7276  * - ::key: Returns the name of the first entry with the given value.
7277  * - ::size, ::length: Returns the number of entries.
7278  * - ::value?: Returns whether any entry has the given value.
7279  *
7280  * ==== Methods for Assigning
7281  *
7282  * - ::[]=, ::store: Creates, updates, or deletes the named environment variable.
7283  * - ::clear: Removes every environment variable; returns +ENV+:
7284  * - ::update, ::merge!: Adds to +ENV+ each key/value pair in the given hash.
7285  * - ::replace: Replaces the entire content of the +ENV+
7286  * with the name/value pairs in the given hash.
7287  *
7288  * ==== Methods for Deleting
7289  *
7290  * - ::delete: Deletes the named environment variable name if it exists.
7291  * - ::delete_if: Deletes entries selected by the block.
7292  * - ::keep_if: Deletes entries not selected by the block.
7293  * - ::reject!: Similar to #delete_if, but returns +nil+ if no change was made.
7294  * - ::select!, ::filter!: Deletes entries selected by the block.
7295  * - ::shift: Removes and returns the first entry.
7296  *
7297  * ==== Methods for Iterating
7298  *
7299  * - ::each, ::each_pair: Calls the block with each name/value pair.
7300  * - ::each_key: Calls the block with each name.
7301  * - ::each_value: Calls the block with each value.
7302  *
7303  * ==== Methods for Converting
7304  *
7305  * - ::assoc: Returns a 2-element array containing the name and value
7306  * of the named environment variable if it exists:
7307  * - ::clone: Returns +ENV+ (and issues a warning).
7308  * - ::except: Returns a hash of all name/value pairs except those given.
7309  * - ::fetch: Returns the value for the given name.
7310  * - ::inspect: Returns the contents of +ENV+ as a string.
7311  * - ::invert: Returns a hash whose keys are the +ENV+ values,
7312  and whose values are the corresponding +ENV+ names.
7313  * - ::keys: Returns an array of all names.
7314  * - ::rassoc: Returns the name and value of the first found entry
7315  * that has the given value.
7316  * - ::reject: Returns a hash of those entries not rejected by the block.
7317  * - ::select, ::filter: Returns a hash of name/value pairs selected by the block.
7318  * - ::slice: Returns a hash of the given names and their corresponding values.
7319  * - ::to_a: Returns the entries as an array of 2-element Arrays.
7320  * - ::to_h: Returns a hash of entries selected by the block.
7321  * - ::to_hash: Returns a hash of all entries.
7322  * - ::to_s: Returns the string <tt>'ENV'</tt>.
7323  * - ::values: Returns all values as an array.
7324  * - ::values_at: Returns an array of the values for the given name.
7325  *
7326  * ==== More Methods
7327  *
7328  * - ::dup: Raises an exception.
7329  * - ::freeze: Raises an exception.
7330  * - ::rehash: Returns +nil+, without modifying +ENV+.
7331  *
7332  */
7333 
7334  /*
7335  * Hack to get RDoc to regard ENV as a class:
7336  * envtbl = rb_define_class("ENV", rb_cObject);
7337  */
7338  origenviron = environ;
7339  envtbl = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(rb_cObject, &env_data_type, NULL);
7341  FL_SET_RAW(envtbl, RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE);
7342 
7343 
7344  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "[]", rb_f_getenv, 1);
7345  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "fetch", env_fetch, -1);
7346  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "[]=", env_aset_m, 2);
7347  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "store", env_aset_m, 2);
7348  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "each", env_each_pair, 0);
7349  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "each_pair", env_each_pair, 0);
7350  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "each_key", env_each_key, 0);
7351  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "each_value", env_each_value, 0);
7352  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "delete", env_delete_m, 1);
7353  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "delete_if", env_delete_if, 0);
7354  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "keep_if", env_keep_if, 0);
7355  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "slice", env_slice, -1);
7356  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "except", env_except, -1);
7357  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "clear", env_clear, 0);
7358  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "reject", env_reject, 0);
7359  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "reject!", env_reject_bang, 0);
7360  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "select", env_select, 0);
7361  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "select!", env_select_bang, 0);
7362  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "filter", env_select, 0);
7363  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "filter!", env_select_bang, 0);
7364  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "shift", env_shift, 0);
7365  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "freeze", env_freeze, 0);
7366  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "invert", env_invert, 0);
7367  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "replace", env_replace, 1);
7368  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "update", env_update, -1);
7369  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "merge!", env_update, -1);
7370  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "inspect", env_inspect, 0);
7371  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "rehash", env_none, 0);
7372  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "to_a", env_to_a, 0);
7373  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "to_s", env_to_s, 0);
7374  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "key", env_key, 1);
7375  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "size", env_size, 0);
7376  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "length", env_size, 0);
7377  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "empty?", env_empty_p, 0);
7378  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "keys", env_f_keys, 0);
7379  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "values", env_f_values, 0);
7380  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "values_at", env_values_at, -1);
7381  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "include?", env_has_key, 1);
7382  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "member?", env_has_key, 1);
7383  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "has_key?", env_has_key, 1);
7384  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "has_value?", env_has_value, 1);
7385  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "key?", env_has_key, 1);
7386  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "value?", env_has_value, 1);
7387  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "to_hash", env_f_to_hash, 0);
7388  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "to_h", env_to_h, 0);
7389  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "assoc", env_assoc, 1);
7390  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "rassoc", env_rassoc, 1);
7391  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "clone", env_clone, -1);
7392  rb_define_singleton_method(envtbl, "dup", env_dup, 0);
7393 
7394  VALUE envtbl_class = rb_singleton_class(envtbl);
7395  rb_undef_method(envtbl_class, "initialize");
7396  rb_undef_method(envtbl_class, "initialize_clone");
7397  rb_undef_method(envtbl_class, "initialize_copy");
7398  rb_undef_method(envtbl_class, "initialize_dup");
7399 
7400  /*
7401  * +ENV+ is a Hash-like accessor for environment variables.
7402  *
7403  * See ENV (the class) for more details.
7404  */
7405  rb_define_global_const("ENV", envtbl);
7406 
7407  HASH_ASSERT(sizeof(ar_hint_t) * RHASH_AR_TABLE_MAX_SIZE == sizeof(VALUE));
7408 }
7409 
7410 #include "hash.rbinc"
#define RUBY_ASSERT(...)
Asserts that the given expression is truthy if and only if RUBY_DEBUG is truthy.
Definition: assert.h:219
#define rb_define_singleton_method(klass, mid, func, arity)
Defines klass.mid.
Definition: cxxanyargs.hpp:685
double rb_float_value(VALUE num)
Extracts its double value from an instance of rb_cFloat.
Definition: numeric.c:6518
static bool RB_FL_ANY_RAW(VALUE obj, VALUE flags)
This is an implementation detail of RB_FL_ANY().
Definition: fl_type.h:518
static bool RB_OBJ_FROZEN(VALUE obj)
Checks if an object is frozen.
Definition: fl_type.h:898
@ RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE
This flag has something to do with Ractor.
Definition: fl_type.h:266
void rb_include_module(VALUE klass, VALUE module)
Includes a module to a class.
Definition: class.c:1187
VALUE rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
Defines a top-level class.
Definition: class.c:980
void rb_extend_object(VALUE obj, VALUE module)
Extend the object with the module.
Definition: eval.c:1750
VALUE rb_singleton_class(VALUE obj)
Finds or creates the singleton class of the passed object.
Definition: class.c:2297
void rb_define_alias(VALUE klass, const char *name1, const char *name2)
Defines an alias of a method.
Definition: class.c:2345
void rb_undef_method(VALUE klass, const char *name)
Defines an undef of a method.
Definition: class.c:2166
int rb_scan_args(int argc, const VALUE *argv, const char *fmt,...)
Retrieves argument from argc and argv to given VALUE references according to the format string.
Definition: class.c:2635
void rb_define_method(VALUE klass, const char *name, VALUE(*func)(ANYARGS), int argc)
Defines a method.
Definition: class.c:2142
int rb_block_given_p(void)
Determines if the current method is given a block.
Definition: eval.c:916
#define rb_str_new2
Old name of rb_str_new_cstr.
Definition: string.h:1675
#define TYPE(_)
Old name of rb_type.
Definition: value_type.h:108
#define FL_EXIVAR
Old name of RUBY_FL_EXIVAR.
Definition: fl_type.h:66
#define NUM2LL
Old name of RB_NUM2LL.
Definition: long_long.h:34
#define REALLOC_N
Old name of RB_REALLOC_N.
Definition: memory.h:398
#define T_STRING
Old name of RUBY_T_STRING.
Definition: value_type.h:78
#define xfree
Old name of ruby_xfree.
Definition: xmalloc.h:58
#define Qundef
Old name of RUBY_Qundef.
#define INT2FIX
Old name of RB_INT2FIX.
Definition: long.h:48
#define T_NIL
Old name of RUBY_T_NIL.
Definition: value_type.h:72
#define T_FLOAT
Old name of RUBY_T_FLOAT.
Definition: value_type.h:64
#define T_BIGNUM
Old name of RUBY_T_BIGNUM.
Definition: value_type.h:57
#define rb_str_buf_new2
Old name of rb_str_buf_new_cstr.
Definition: string.h:1679
#define T_FIXNUM
Old name of RUBY_T_FIXNUM.
Definition: value_type.h:63
#define UNREACHABLE_RETURN
Old name of RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN.
Definition: assume.h:29
#define T_DATA
Old name of RUBY_T_DATA.
Definition: value_type.h:60
#define CLASS_OF
Old name of rb_class_of.
Definition: globals.h:203
#define LONG2FIX
Old name of RB_INT2FIX.
Definition: long.h:49
#define STATIC_SYM_P
Old name of RB_STATIC_SYM_P.
#define T_TRUE
Old name of RUBY_T_TRUE.
Definition: value_type.h:81
#define T_HASH
Old name of RUBY_T_HASH.
Definition: value_type.h:65
#define ALLOC_N
Old name of RB_ALLOC_N.
Definition: memory.h:394
#define FL_TEST_RAW
Old name of RB_FL_TEST_RAW.
Definition: fl_type.h:132
#define rb_usascii_str_new2
Old name of rb_usascii_str_new_cstr.
Definition: string.h:1680
#define T_FALSE
Old name of RUBY_T_FALSE.
Definition: value_type.h:61
#define FIXNUM_MIN
Old name of RUBY_FIXNUM_MIN.
Definition: fixnum.h:27
#define FLONUM_P
Old name of RB_FLONUM_P.
#define Qtrue
Old name of RUBY_Qtrue.
#define ST2FIX
Old name of RB_ST2FIX.
Definition: st_data_t.h:33
#define FIXNUM_MAX
Old name of RUBY_FIXNUM_MAX.
Definition: fixnum.h:26
#define NUM2INT
Old name of RB_NUM2INT.
Definition: int.h:44
#define Qnil
Old name of RUBY_Qnil.
#define Qfalse
Old name of RUBY_Qfalse.
#define FIX2LONG
Old name of RB_FIX2LONG.
Definition: long.h:46
#define NIL_P
Old name of RB_NIL_P.
#define ALLOCV_N
Old name of RB_ALLOCV_N.
Definition: memory.h:400
#define FL_WB_PROTECTED
Old name of RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED.
Definition: fl_type.h:59
#define POSFIXABLE
Old name of RB_POSFIXABLE.
Definition: fixnum.h:29
#define T_SYMBOL
Old name of RUBY_T_SYMBOL.
Definition: value_type.h:80
#define FL_TEST
Old name of RB_FL_TEST.
Definition: fl_type.h:131
#define NUM2LONG
Old name of RB_NUM2LONG.
Definition: long.h:51
#define FIXNUM_P
Old name of RB_FIXNUM_P.
#define OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT
Old name of RB_OBJ_WB_UNPROTECT.
Definition: gc.h:621
#define rb_ary_new2
Old name of rb_ary_new_capa.
Definition: array.h:657
#define FL_SET_RAW
Old name of RB_FL_SET_RAW.
Definition: fl_type.h:130
#define ALLOCV_END
Old name of RB_ALLOCV_END.
Definition: memory.h:401
#define SYMBOL_P
Old name of RB_SYMBOL_P.
Definition: value_type.h:88
void rb_raise(VALUE exc, const char *fmt,...)
Exception entry point.
Definition: error.c:3627
void rb_bug(const char *fmt,...)
Interpreter panic switch.
Definition: error.c:1088
void rb_syserr_fail_str(int e, VALUE mesg)
Identical to rb_syserr_fail(), except it takes the message in Ruby's String instead of C's.
Definition: error.c:3745
VALUE rb_eTypeError
TypeError exception.
Definition: error.c:1403
VALUE rb_eRuntimeError
RuntimeError exception.
Definition: error.c:1401
void rb_warn(const char *fmt,...)
Identical to rb_warning(), except it reports unless $VERBOSE is nil.
Definition: error.c:465
VALUE rb_eArgError
ArgumentError exception.
Definition: error.c:1404
VALUE rb_ensure(VALUE(*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE(*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data2)
An equivalent to ensure clause.
Definition: eval.c:1045
VALUE rb_mKernel
Kernel module.
Definition: object.c:65
VALUE rb_any_to_s(VALUE obj)
Generates a textual representation of the given object.
Definition: object.c:667
VALUE rb_mEnumerable
Enumerable module.
Definition: enum.c:27
int rb_eql(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs)
Checks for equality of the passed objects, in terms of Object#eql?.
Definition: object.c:192
VALUE rb_cHash
Hash class.
Definition: hash.c:113
VALUE rb_obj_class(VALUE obj)
Queries the class of an object.
Definition: object.c:247
VALUE rb_inspect(VALUE obj)
Generates a human-readable textual representation of the given object.
Definition: object.c:678
VALUE rb_equal(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs)
This function is an optimised version of calling #==.
Definition: object.c:179
VALUE rb_obj_freeze(VALUE obj)
Just calls rb_obj_freeze_inline() inside.
Definition: object.c:1258
VALUE rb_cString
String class.
Definition: string.c:78
VALUE rb_to_int(VALUE val)
Identical to rb_check_to_int(), except it raises in case of conversion mismatch.
Definition: object.c:3186
#define RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(old, oldv, young)
Identical to RB_OBJ_WRITE(), except it doesn't write any values, but only a WB declaration.
Definition: gc.h:615
#define RB_OBJ_WRITE(old, slot, young)
Declaration of a "back" pointer.
Definition: gc.h:603
rb_encoding * rb_locale_encoding(void)
Queries the encoding that represents the current locale.
Definition: encoding.c:1508
void rb_enc_copy(VALUE dst, VALUE src)
Destructively copies the encoding of the latter object to that of former one.
Definition: encoding.c:1134
static bool rb_enc_asciicompat(rb_encoding *enc)
Queries if the passed encoding is in some sense compatible with ASCII.
Definition: encoding.h:768
rb_encoding * rb_utf8_encoding(void)
Queries the encoding that represents UTF-8.
Definition: encoding.c:1460
rb_encoding * rb_enc_get(VALUE obj)
Identical to rb_enc_get_index(), except the return type.
Definition: encoding.c:1013
static const char * rb_enc_name(rb_encoding *enc)
Queries the (canonical) name of the passed encoding.
Definition: encoding.h:417
VALUE rb_external_str_new_with_enc(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
Identical to rb_external_str_new(), except it additionally takes an encoding.
Definition: string.c:1276
VALUE rb_funcall(VALUE recv, ID mid, int n,...)
Calls a method.
Definition: vm_eval.c:1099
VALUE rb_funcallv(VALUE recv, ID mid, int argc, const VALUE *argv)
Identical to rb_funcall(), except it takes the method arguments as a C array.
Definition: vm_eval.c:1058
#define RGENGC_WB_PROTECTED_HASH
This is a compile-time flag to enable/disable write barrier for struct RHash.
Definition: gc.h:457
Defines RBIMPL_HAS_BUILTIN.
VALUE rb_ary_delete_at(VALUE ary, long pos)
Destructively removes an element which resides at the specific index of the passed array.
Definition: array.c:4045
VALUE rb_ary_cat(VALUE ary, const VALUE *train, long len)
Destructively appends multiple elements at the end of the array.
Definition: array.c:1397
VALUE rb_check_array_type(VALUE obj)
Try converting an object to its array representation using its to_ary method, if any.
Definition: array.c:1014
VALUE rb_ary_new(void)
Allocates a new, empty array.
Definition: array.c:747
VALUE rb_ary_new_capa(long capa)
Identical to rb_ary_new(), except it additionally specifies how many rooms of objects it should alloc...
Definition: array.c:741
VALUE rb_ary_hidden_new(long capa)
Allocates a hidden (no class) empty array.
Definition: array.c:859
VALUE rb_ary_clear(VALUE ary)
Destructively removes everything form an array.
Definition: array.c:4642
VALUE rb_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE elem)
Special case of rb_ary_cat() that it adds only one element.
Definition: array.c:1384
VALUE rb_assoc_new(VALUE car, VALUE cdr)
Identical to rb_ary_new_from_values(), except it expects exactly two parameters.
Definition: array.c:1001
int rb_integer_pack(VALUE val, void *words, size_t numwords, size_t wordsize, size_t nails, int flags)
Exports an integer into a buffer.
Definition: bignum.c:3588
#define INTEGER_PACK_NATIVE_BYTE_ORDER
Means either INTEGER_PACK_MSBYTE_FIRST or INTEGER_PACK_LSBYTE_FIRST, depending on the host processor'...
Definition: bignum.h:546
#define RETURN_SIZED_ENUMERATOR(obj, argc, argv, size_fn)
This roughly resembles return enum_for(__callee__) unless block_given?.
Definition: enumerator.h:206
#define UNLIMITED_ARGUMENTS
This macro is used in conjunction with rb_check_arity().
Definition: error.h:35
static int rb_check_arity(int argc, int min, int max)
Ensures that the passed integer is in the passed range.
Definition: error.h:284
VALUE rb_hash_size(VALUE hash)
Identical to RHASH_SIZE(), except it returns the size in Ruby's integer instead of C's.
Definition: hash.c:2954
void rb_hash_bulk_insert(long argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE hash)
Inserts a list of key-value pairs into a hash table at once.
Definition: hash.c:4766
void rb_hash_foreach(VALUE hash, int(*func)(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE arg), VALUE arg)
Iterates over a hash.
VALUE rb_check_hash_type(VALUE obj)
Try converting an object to its hash representation using its to_hash method, if any.
Definition: hash.c:1864
VALUE rb_hash_lookup2(VALUE hash, VALUE key, VALUE def)
Identical to rb_hash_lookup(), except you can specify what to return on misshits.
Definition: hash.c:2086
VALUE rb_hash_freeze(VALUE obj)
Just another name of rb_obj_freeze.
Definition: hash.c:108
VALUE rb_hash_update_func(VALUE newkey, VALUE oldkey, VALUE value)
Type of callback functions to pass to rb_hash_update_by().
Definition: hash.h:269
#define st_foreach_safe
Just another name of rb_st_foreach_safe.
Definition: hash.h:51
VALUE rb_hash_delete(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
Deletes the passed key from the passed hash table, if any.
Definition: hash.c:2353
VALUE rb_hash_new_capa(long capa)
Identical to rb_hash_new(), except it additionally specifies how many keys it is expected to contain.
Definition: hash.c:1503
VALUE rb_hash_fetch(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
Identical to rb_hash_lookup(), except it yields the (implicitly) passed block instead of returning RU...
Definition: hash.c:2164
VALUE rb_hash_delete_if(VALUE hash)
Deletes each entry for which the block returns a truthy value.
Definition: hash.c:2516
VALUE rb_hash_update_by(VALUE hash1, VALUE hash2, rb_hash_update_func *func)
Destructively merges two hash tables into one.
Definition: hash.c:4021
VALUE rb_hash_aref(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
Queries the given key in the given hash table.
Definition: hash.c:2073
VALUE rb_hash_aset(VALUE hash, VALUE key, VALUE val)
Inserts or replaces ("upsert"s) the objects into the given hash table.
Definition: hash.c:2893
VALUE rb_env_clear(void)
Destructively removes every environment variables of the running process.
Definition: hash.c:5825
VALUE rb_hash_lookup(VALUE hash, VALUE key)
Identical to rb_hash_aref(), except it always returns RUBY_Qnil for misshits.
Definition: hash.c:2099
VALUE rb_hash_dup(VALUE hash)
Duplicates a hash.
Definition: hash.c:1563
VALUE rb_hash(VALUE obj)
Calculates a message authentication code of the passed object.
Definition: hash.c:267
VALUE rb_hash_clear(VALUE hash)
Swipes everything out of the passed hash table.
Definition: hash.c:2820
VALUE rb_hash_new(void)
Creates a new, empty hash object.
Definition: hash.c:1475
VALUE rb_obj_id(VALUE obj)
Finds or creates an integer primary key of the given object.
Definition: gc.c:1724
VALUE rb_proc_lambda_p(VALUE recv)
Queries if the given object is a lambda.
Definition: proc.c:244
VALUE rb_proc_call_with_block(VALUE recv, int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE proc)
Identical to rb_proc_call(), except you can additionally pass another proc object,...
Definition: proc.c:995
VALUE rb_protect(VALUE(*func)(VALUE args), VALUE args, int *state)
Protects a function call from potential global escapes from the function.
int rb_proc_arity(VALUE recv)
Queries the number of mandatory arguments of the given Proc.
Definition: proc.c:1102
VALUE rb_obj_is_proc(VALUE recv)
Queries if the given object is a proc.
Definition: proc.c:119
#define rb_hash_uint(h, i)
Just another name of st_hash_uint.
Definition: string.h:942
#define rb_hash_end(h)
Just another name of st_hash_end.
Definition: string.h:945
VALUE rb_utf8_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
Identical to rb_str_new(), except it generates a string of "UTF-8" encoding.
Definition: string.c:1034
int rb_str_hash_cmp(VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
Compares two strings.
Definition: string.c:4031
VALUE rb_str_ellipsize(VALUE str, long len)
Shortens str and adds three dots, an ellipsis, if it is longer than len characters.
Definition: string.c:11437
st_index_t rb_memhash(const void *ptr, long len)
This is a universal hash function.
Definition: random.c:1752
VALUE rb_str_buf_cat(VALUE, const char *, long)
Just another name of rb_str_cat.
VALUE rb_str_new_frozen(VALUE str)
Creates a frozen copy of the string, if necessary.
Definition: string.c:1446
st_index_t rb_str_hash(VALUE str)
Calculates a hash value of a string.
Definition: string.c:4017
VALUE rb_str_buf_cat2(VALUE, const char *)
Just another name of rb_str_cat_cstr.
VALUE rb_str_buf_append(VALUE dst, VALUE src)
Identical to rb_str_cat_cstr(), except it takes Ruby's string instead of C's.
Definition: string.c:3628
st_index_t rb_hash_start(st_index_t i)
Starts a series of hashing.
Definition: random.c:1746
VALUE rb_str_inspect(VALUE str)
Generates a "readable" version of the receiver.
Definition: string.c:7185
VALUE rb_str_buf_cat_ascii(VALUE dst, const char *src)
Identical to rb_str_cat_cstr(), except it additionally assumes the source string be a NUL terminated ...
Definition: string.c:3604
VALUE rb_str_new(const char *ptr, long len)
Allocates an instance of rb_cString.
Definition: string.c:1020
VALUE rb_check_string_type(VALUE obj)
Try converting an object to its stringised representation using its to_str method,...
Definition: string.c:2845
VALUE rb_exec_recursive(VALUE(*f)(VALUE g, VALUE h, int r), VALUE g, VALUE h)
"Recursion" API entry point.
VALUE rb_exec_recursive_paired(VALUE(*f)(VALUE g, VALUE h, int r), VALUE g, VALUE p, VALUE h)
Identical to rb_exec_recursive(), except it checks for the recursion on the ordered pair of { g,...
VALUE rb_ivar_get(VALUE obj, ID name)
Identical to rb_iv_get(), except it accepts the name as an ID instead of a C string.
Definition: variable.c:1350
int rb_respond_to(VALUE obj, ID mid)
Queries if the object responds to the method.
Definition: vm_method.c:2955
int rb_method_basic_definition_p(VALUE klass, ID mid)
Well...
Definition: vm_method.c:2833
void rb_define_alloc_func(VALUE klass, rb_alloc_func_t func)
Sets the allocator function of a class.
static ID rb_intern_const(const char *str)
This is a "tiny optimisation" over rb_intern().
Definition: symbol.h:276
VALUE rb_sym2str(VALUE id)
Identical to rb_id2str(), except it takes an instance of rb_cSymbol rather than an ID.
Definition: symbol.c:970
void rb_define_global_const(const char *name, VALUE val)
Identical to rb_define_const(), except it defines that of "global", i.e.
Definition: variable.c:3727
int capa
Designed capacity of the buffer.
Definition: io.h:11
char * ptr
Pointer to the underlying memory region, of at least capa bytes.
Definition: io.h:2
int len
Length of the buffer.
Definition: io.h:8
void ruby_setenv(const char *key, const char *val)
Sets an environment variable.
Definition: hash.c:5091
char * ruby_strdup(const char *str)
This is our own version of strdup(3) that uses ruby_xmalloc() instead of system malloc (benefits our ...
Definition: util.c:536
void ruby_unsetenv(const char *key)
Deletes the passed environment variable, if any.
Definition: hash.c:5259
VALUE rb_sprintf(const char *fmt,...)
Ruby's extended sprintf(3).
Definition: sprintf.c:1217
#define RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(yielded_arg, callback_arg)
Shim for block function parameters.
Definition: iterator.h:58
VALUE rb_yield_values(int n,...)
Identical to rb_yield(), except it takes variadic number of parameters and pass them to the block.
Definition: vm_eval.c:1366
VALUE rb_yield_values2(int n, const VALUE *argv)
Identical to rb_yield_values(), except it takes the parameters as a C array instead of variadic argum...
Definition: vm_eval.c:1388
VALUE rb_yield(VALUE val)
Yields the block.
Definition: vm_eval.c:1354
#define RB_GC_GUARD(v)
Prevents premature destruction of local objects.
Definition: memory.h:162
VALUE type(ANYARGS)
ANYARGS-ed function type.
Definition: cxxanyargs.hpp:56
int st_foreach(st_table *q, int_type *w, st_data_t e)
Iteration over the given table.
Definition: cxxanyargs.hpp:432
int st_foreach_check(st_table *q, int_type *w, st_data_t e, st_data_t)
Iteration over the given table.
Definition: cxxanyargs.hpp:450
void rb_copy_generic_ivar(VALUE clone, VALUE obj)
Copies the list of instance variables.
Definition: variable.c:2036
#define RARRAY_LEN
Just another name of rb_array_len.
Definition: rarray.h:51
#define RARRAY_PTR_USE(ary, ptr_name, expr)
Declares a section of code where raw pointers are used.
Definition: rarray.h:348
#define RARRAY_AREF(a, i)
Definition: rarray.h:403
static VALUE RBASIC_CLASS(VALUE obj)
Queries the class of an object.
Definition: rbasic.h:150
#define RBASIC(obj)
Convenient casting macro.
Definition: rbasic.h:40
#define RHASH_SET_IFNONE(h, ifnone)
Destructively updates the default value of the hash.
Definition: rhash.h:92
VALUE rb_hash_set_ifnone(VALUE hash, VALUE ifnone)
This is the implementation detail of RHASH_SET_IFNONE.
Definition: hash.c:123
#define RHASH_IFNONE(h)
Definition: rhash.h:59
#define RHASH_SIZE(h)
Queries the size of the hash.
Definition: rhash.h:69
struct st_table * rb_hash_tbl(VALUE hash, const char *file, int line)
This is the implementation detail of RHASH_TBL.
Definition: hash.c:1593
size_t rb_hash_size_num(VALUE hash)
This is the implementation detail of RHASH_SIZE.
Definition: hash.c:2960
#define RHASH_EMPTY_P(h)
Checks if the hash is empty.
Definition: rhash.h:79
#define StringValue(v)
Ensures that the parameter object is a String.
Definition: rstring.h:66
static char * RSTRING_END(VALUE str)
Queries the end of the contents pointer of the string.
Definition: rstring.h:442
static char * RSTRING_PTR(VALUE str)
Queries the contents pointer of the string.
Definition: rstring.h:416
#define RSTRING_GETMEM(str, ptrvar, lenvar)
Convenient macro to obtain the contents and length at once.
Definition: rstring.h:488
static long RSTRING_LEN(VALUE str)
Queries the length of the string.
Definition: rstring.h:367
#define TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, data_type, sval)
Converts sval, a pointer to your struct, into a Ruby object.
Definition: rtypeddata.h:449
const char * rb_obj_classname(VALUE obj)
Queries the name of the class of the passed object.
Definition: variable.c:427
@ RUBY_SPECIAL_SHIFT
Least significant 8 bits are reserved.
#define RTEST
This is an old name of RB_TEST.
#define _(args)
This was a transition path from K&R to ANSI.
Definition: stdarg.h:35
VALUE flags
Per-object flags.
Definition: rbasic.h:75
Definition: hash.h:53
Definition: hash.c:875
Definition: method.h:62
This is the struct that holds necessary info for a struct.
Definition: rtypeddata.h:200
Definition: st.h:79
intptr_t SIGNED_VALUE
A signed integer type that has the same width with VALUE.
Definition: value.h:63
uintptr_t ID
Type that represents a Ruby identifier such as a variable name.
Definition: value.h:52
uintptr_t VALUE
Type that represents a Ruby object.
Definition: value.h:40
static void Check_Type(VALUE v, enum ruby_value_type t)
Identical to RB_TYPE_P(), except it raises exceptions on predication failure.
Definition: value_type.h:433
static bool RB_TYPE_P(VALUE obj, enum ruby_value_type t)
Queries if the given object is of given type.
Definition: value_type.h:376