class Net::HTTP

Returns integer 80, the default port to use for HTTP requests:

Net::HTTP.default_port # => 80

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 900
def HTTP.default_port
  http_default_port()
end

Sends a GET request and returns the HTTP response body as a string.

With string arguments hostname and path:

hostname = 'jsonplaceholder.typicode.com'
path = '/todos/1'
puts Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path)

Output:

{
  "userId": 1,
  "id": 1,
  "title": "delectus aut autem",
  "completed": false
}

With URI object uri and optional hash argument headers:

uri = URI('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1')
headers = {'Content-type' => 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'}
Net::HTTP.get(uri, headers)

Related:

• Net::HTTP::Get: request class for HTTP method GET.

• Net::HTTP#get: convenience method for HTTP method GET.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 802
def HTTP.get(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil)
  get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers, port).body
end

Like Net::HTTP.get, but writes the returned body to $stdout; returns nil.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 761
def HTTP.get_print(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil)
  get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers, port) {|res|
    res.read_body do |chunk|
      $stdout.print chunk
    end
  }
  nil
end

Like Net::HTTP.get, but returns a Net::HTTPResponse object instead of the body string.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 812
def HTTP.get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil, &block)
  if path_or_headers && !path_or_headers.is_a?(Hash)
    host = uri_or_host
    path = path_or_headers
    new(host, port || HTTP.default_port).start {|http|
      return http.request_get(path, &block)
    }
  else
    uri = uri_or_host
    headers = path_or_headers
    start(uri.hostname, uri.port,
          :use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https') {|http|
      return http.request_get(uri, headers, &block)
    }
  end
end

Returns integer 80, the default port to use for HTTP requests:

Net::HTTP.http_default_port # => 80

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 908
def HTTP.http_default_port
  80
end

Returns integer 443, the default port to use for HTTPS requests:

Net::HTTP.https_default_port # => 443

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 916
def HTTP.https_default_port
  443
end

Returns a new Net::HTTP object http (but does not open a TCP connection or HTTP session).

With only string argument address given (and ENV['http_proxy'] undefined or nil), the returned http:

• Has the given address.

• Has the default port number, Net::HTTP.default_port (80).

• Has no proxy.

Example:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# => #<Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>
http.address # => "jsonplaceholder.typicode.com"
http.port    # => 80
http.proxy?  # => false

With integer argument port also given, the returned http has the given port:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname, 8000)
# => #<Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:8000 open=false>
http.port # => 8000

For proxy-defining arguments p_addr through p_no_proxy, see Proxy Server.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1065
def HTTP.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_no_proxy = nil)
  http = super address, port

  if proxy_class? then # from Net::HTTP::Proxy()
    http.proxy_from_env = @proxy_from_env
    http.proxy_address  = @proxy_address
    http.proxy_port     = @proxy_port
    http.proxy_user     = @proxy_user
    http.proxy_pass     = @proxy_pass
  elsif p_addr == :ENV then
    http.proxy_from_env = true
  else
    if p_addr && p_no_proxy && !URI::Generic.use_proxy?(address, address, port, p_no_proxy)
      p_addr = nil
      p_port = nil
    end
    http.proxy_address = p_addr
    http.proxy_port    = p_port || default_port
    http.proxy_user    = p_user
    http.proxy_pass    = p_pass
  end

  http
end

Posts data to a host; returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.

Argument url must be a URL; argument data must be a string:

_uri = uri.dup
_uri.path = '/posts'
data = '{"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": 1}'
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
res = Net::HTTP.post(_uri, data, headers) # => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
puts res.body

Output:

{
  "title": "foo",
  "body": "bar",
  "userId": 1,
  "id": 101
}

Related:

• Net::HTTP::Post: request class for HTTP method POST.

• Net::HTTP#post: convenience method for HTTP method POST.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 855
def HTTP.post(url, data, header = nil)
  start(url.hostname, url.port,
        :use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http|
    http.post(url, data, header)
  }
end

Posts data to a host; returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.

Argument url must be a URI; argument data must be a hash:

_uri = uri.dup
_uri.path = '/posts'
data = {title: 'foo', body: 'bar', userId: 1}
res = Net::HTTP.post_form(_uri, data) # => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
puts res.body

Output:

{
  "title": "foo",
  "body": "bar",
  "userId": "1",
  "id": 101
}

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 882
def HTTP.post_form(url, params)
  req = Post.new(url)
  req.form_data = params
  req.basic_auth url.user, url.password if url.user
  start(url.hostname, url.port,
        :use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http|
    http.request(req)
  }
end

Returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1762
def proxy_class?
  defined?(@is_proxy_class) ? @is_proxy_class : false
end

Creates a new Net::HTTP object, http, via Net::HTTP.new:

• For arguments address and port, see Net::HTTP.new.

• For proxy-defining arguments p_addr through p_pass, see Proxy Server.

• For argument opts, see below.

With no block given:

• Calls http.start with no block (see start), which opens a TCP connection and HTTP session.

• Returns http.

• The caller should call finish to close the session:

  http = Net::HTTP.start(hostname)
  http.started? # => true
  http.finish
  http.started? # => false
  

With a block given:

• Calls http.start with the block (see start), which:

  • Opens a TCP connection and HTTP session.

  • Calls the block, which may make any number of requests to the host.

  • Closes the HTTP session and TCP connection on block exit.

  • Returns the block’s value object.

• Returns object.

Example:

hostname = 'jsonplaceholder.typicode.com'
Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
  puts http.get('/todos/1').body
  puts http.get('/todos/2').body
end

Output:

{
  "userId": 1,
  "id": 1,
  "title": "delectus aut autem",
  "completed": false
}
{
  "userId": 1,
  "id": 2,
  "title": "quis ut nam facilis et officia qui",
  "completed": false
}

If the last argument given is a hash, it is the opts hash, where each key is a method or accessor to be called, and its value is the value to be set.

The keys may include:

• ca_file

• ca_path

• cert

• cert_store

• ciphers

• close_on_empty_response

• ipaddr (calls ipaddr=)

• keep_alive_timeout

• key

• open_timeout

• read_timeout

• ssl_timeout

• ssl_version

• use_ssl (calls use_ssl=)

• verify_callback

• verify_depth

• verify_mode

• write_timeout

Note: If port is nil and opts[:use_ssl] is a truthy value, the value passed to new is Net::HTTP.https_default_port, not port.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1010
def HTTP.start(address, *arg, &block) # :yield: +http+
  arg.pop if opt = Hash.try_convert(arg[-1])
  port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass = *arg
  p_addr = :ENV if arg.size < 2
  port = https_default_port if !port && opt && opt[:use_ssl]
  http = new(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass)
  http.ipaddr = opt[:ipaddr] if opt && opt[:ipaddr]

  if opt
    if opt[:use_ssl]
      opt = {verify_mode: OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER}.update(opt)
    end
    http.methods.grep(/\A(\w+)=\z/) do |meth|
      key = $1.to_sym
      opt.key?(key) or next
      http.__send__(meth, opt[key])
    end
  end

  http.start(&block)
end

Returns true; retained for compatibility.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 736
def HTTP.version_1_2
  true
end

Returns true; retained for compatibility.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 741
def HTTP.version_1_2?
  true
end

Sets the continue timeout value, which is the number of seconds to wait for an expected 100 Continue response. If the HTTP object does not receive a response in this many seconds it sends the request body.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1380
def continue_timeout=(sec)
  @socket.continue_timeout = sec if @socket
  @continue_timeout = sec
end

Sends a COPY request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Copy object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader.

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.copy('/todos/1')

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2123
def copy(path, initheader = nil)
  request(Copy.new(path, initheader))
end

Sends a DELETE request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Delete object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader.

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.delete('/todos/1')

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2097
def delete(path, initheader = {'Depth' => 'Infinity'})
  request(Delete.new(path, initheader))
end

Finishes the HTTP session:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.start
http.started? # => true
http.finish   # => nil
http.started? # => false

Raises IOError if not in a session.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1708
def finish
  raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started?
  do_finish
end

Sends a GET request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Get object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader.

With a block given, calls the block with the response body:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.get('/todos/1') do |res|
  p res
end # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

Output:

"{\n  \"userId\": 1,\n  \"id\": 1,\n  \"title\": \"delectus aut autem\",\n  \"completed\": false\n}"

With no block given, simply returns the response object:

http.get('/') # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

Related:

• Net::HTTP::Get: request class for HTTP method GET.

• Net::HTTP.get: sends GET request, returns response body.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1914
def get(path, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
  res = nil

  request(Get.new(path, initheader)) {|r|
    r.read_body dest, &block
    res = r
  }
  res
end

Sends a HEAD request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Head object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader:

res = http.head('/todos/1') # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
res.body                    # => nil
res.to_hash.take(3)
# =>
[["date", ["Wed, 15 Feb 2023 15:25:42 GMT"]],
 ["content-type", ["application/json; charset=utf-8"]],
 ["connection", ["close"]]]

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1938
def head(path, initheader = nil)
  request(Head.new(path, initheader))
end

Returns a string representation of self:

Net::HTTP.new(hostname).inspect
# => "#<Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>"

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1135
def inspect
  "#<#{self.class} #{@address}:#{@port} open=#{started?}>"
end

Returns the IP address for the connection.

If the session has not been started, returns the value set by ipaddr=, or nil if it has not been set:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.ipaddr # => nil
http.ipaddr = '172.67.155.76'
http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76"

If the session has been started, returns the IP address from the socket:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.start
http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76"
http.finish

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1274
def ipaddr
  started? ?  @socket.io.peeraddr[3] : @ipaddr
end

Sets the IP address for the connection:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.ipaddr # => nil
http.ipaddr = '172.67.155.76'
http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76"

The IP address may not be set if the session has been started.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1286
def ipaddr=(addr)
  raise IOError, "ipaddr value changed, but session already started" if started?
  @ipaddr = addr
end

Sends a LOCK request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Lock object created from string path, string body, and initial headers hash initheader.

data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.lock('/todos/1', data)

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2043
def lock(path, body, initheader = nil)
  request(Lock.new(path, initheader), body)
end

Sets the maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request in case of Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, Timeout::Error. The initial value is 1.

Argument retries must be a non-negative numeric value:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.max_retries = 2   # => 2
http.max_retries       # => 2

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1320
def max_retries=(retries)
  retries = retries.to_int
  if retries < 0
    raise ArgumentError, 'max_retries should be non-negative integer number'
  end
  @max_retries = retries
end

Sends a MKCOL request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Mkcol object created from string path, string body, and initial headers hash initheader.

data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
http.mkcol('/todos/1', data)
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2137
def mkcol(path, body = nil, initheader = nil)
  request(Mkcol.new(path, initheader), body)
end

Sends a MOVE request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Move object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader.

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.move('/todos/1')

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2110
def move(path, initheader = nil)
  request(Move.new(path, initheader))
end

Sends an Options request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Options object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader.

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.options('/')

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2070
def options(path, initheader = nil)
  request(Options.new(path, initheader))
end

Sends a PATCH request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Patch object created from string path, string data, and initial headers hash initheader.

With a block given, calls the block with the response body:

data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.patch('/todos/1', data) do |res|
  p res
end # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

Output:

"{\n  \"userId\": 1,\n  \"id\": 1,\n  \"title\": \"delectus aut autem\",\n  \"completed\": false,\n  \"{\\\"userId\\\": 1, \\\"id\\\": 1, \\\"title\\\": \\\"delectus aut autem\\\", \\\"completed\\\": false}\": \"\"\n}"

With no block given, simply returns the response object:

http.patch('/todos/1', data) # => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2001
def patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
  send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Patch, &block)
end

Returns the X509 certificate chain (an array of strings) for the session’s socket peer, or nil if none.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1537
def peer_cert
  if not use_ssl? or not @socket
    return nil
  end
  @socket.io.peer_cert
end

Sends a POST request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Post object created from string path, string data, and initial headers hash initheader.

With a block given, calls the block with the response body:

data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.post('/todos', data) do |res|
  p res
end # => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>

Output:

"{\n  \"{\\\"userId\\\": 1, \\\"id\\\": 1, \\\"title\\\": \\\"delectus aut autem\\\", \\\"completed\\\": false}\": \"\",\n  \"id\": 201\n}"

With no block given, simply returns the response object:

http.post('/todos', data) # => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>

Related:

• Net::HTTP::Post: request class for HTTP method POST.

• Net::HTTP.post: sends POST request, returns response body.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1972
def post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
  send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Post, &block)
end

Sends a PROPFIND request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Propfind object created from string path, string body, and initial headers hash initheader.

data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.propfind('/todos/1', data)

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2084
def propfind(path, body = nil, initheader = {'Depth' => '0'})
  request(Propfind.new(path, initheader), body)
end

Sends a PROPPATCH request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Proppatch object created from string path, string body, and initial headers hash initheader.

data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.proppatch('/todos/1', data)

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2029
def proppatch(path, body, initheader = nil)
  request(Proppatch.new(path, initheader), body)
end

Returns true if a proxy server is defined, false otherwise; see Proxy Server.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1785
def proxy?
  !!(@proxy_from_env ? proxy_uri : @proxy_address)
end

Returns the address of the proxy server, if defined, nil otherwise; see Proxy Server.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1807
def proxy_address
  if @proxy_from_env then
    proxy_uri&.hostname
  else
    @proxy_address
  end
end

Returns true if the proxy server is defined in the environment, false otherwise; see Proxy Server.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1792
def proxy_from_env?
  @proxy_from_env
end

Returns the password of the proxy server, if defined, nil otherwise; see Proxy Server.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1838
def proxy_pass
  if @proxy_from_env
    pass = proxy_uri&.password
    unescape(pass) if pass
  else
    @proxy_pass
  end
end

Returns the port number of the proxy server, if defined, nil otherwise; see Proxy Server.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1817
def proxy_port
  if @proxy_from_env then
    proxy_uri&.port
  else
    @proxy_port
  end
end

Returns the user name of the proxy server, if defined, nil otherwise; see Proxy Server.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1827
def proxy_user
  if @proxy_from_env
    user = proxy_uri&.user
    unescape(user) if user
  else
    @proxy_user
  end
end

Sends a PUT request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Put object created from string path, string data, and initial headers hash initheader.

data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.put('/todos/1', data) # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2015
def put(path, data, initheader = nil)
  request(Put.new(path, initheader), data)
end

Sets the read timeout, in seconds, for self to integer sec; the initial value is 60.

Argument sec must be a non-negative numeric value:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.read_timeout # => 60
http.get('/todos/1') # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
http.read_timeout = 0
http.get('/todos/1') # Raises Net::ReadTimeout.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1343
def read_timeout=(sec)
  @socket.read_timeout = sec if @socket
  @read_timeout = sec
end

Sends the given request req to the server; forms the response into a Net::HTTPResponse object.

The given req must be an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPRequest. Argument body should be given only if needed for the request.

With no block given, returns the response object:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)

req = Net::HTTP::Get.new('/todos/1')
http.request(req)
# => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

req = Net::HTTP::Post.new('/todos')
http.request(req, 'xyzzy')
# => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>

With a block given, calls the block with the response and returns the response:

req = Net::HTTP::Get.new('/todos/1')
http.request(req) do |res|
  p res
end # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

Output:

#<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=false>

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2295
def request(req, body = nil, &block)  # :yield: +response+
  unless started?
    start {
      req['connection'] ||= 'close'
      return request(req, body, &block)
    }
  end
  if proxy_user()
    req.proxy_basic_auth proxy_user(), proxy_pass() unless use_ssl?
  end
  req.set_body_internal body
  res = transport_request(req, &block)
  if sspi_auth?(res)
    sspi_auth(req)
    res = transport_request(req, &block)
  end
  res
end

Sends a GET request to the server; forms the response into a Net::HTTPResponse object.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Get object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader.

With no block given, returns the response object:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.request_get('/todos') # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

With a block given, calls the block with the response object and returns the response object:

http.request_get('/todos') do |res|
  p res
end # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

Output:

#<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=false>

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2176
def request_get(path, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
  request(Get.new(path, initheader), &block)
end

Sends a HEAD request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Head object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader.

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.head('/todos/1') # => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2189
def request_head(path, initheader = nil, &block)
  request(Head.new(path, initheader), &block)
end

Sends a POST request to the server; forms the response into a Net::HTTPResponse object.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Post object created from string path, string data, and initial headers hash initheader.

With no block given, returns the response object:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.post('/todos', 'xyzzy')
# => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>

With a block given, calls the block with the response body and returns the response object:

http.post('/todos', 'xyzzy') do |res|
  p res
end # => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>

Output:

"{\n  \"xyzzy\": \"\",\n  \"id\": 201\n}"

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2216
def request_post(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
  request Post.new(path, initheader), data, &block
end

Sets the encoding to be used for the response body; returns the encoding.

The given value may be:

• An Encoding object.

• The name of an encoding.

• An alias for an encoding name.

See Encoding.

Examples:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.response_body_encoding = Encoding::US_ASCII # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
http.response_body_encoding = 'US-ASCII'         # => "US-ASCII"
http.response_body_encoding = 'ASCII'            # => "ASCII"

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1229
def response_body_encoding=(value)
  value = Encoding.find(value) if value.is_a?(String)
  @response_body_encoding = value
end

Sends an HTTP request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTPRequest object created from string path, string data, and initial headers hash header. That object is an instance of the subclass of Net::HTTPRequest, that corresponds to the given uppercase string name, which must be an HTTP request method or a WebDAV request method.

Examples:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.send_request('GET', '/todos/1')
# => #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
http.send_request('POST', '/todos', 'xyzzy')
# => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2259
def send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil)
  has_response_body = name != 'HEAD'
  r = HTTPGenericRequest.new(name,(data ? true : false),has_response_body,path,header)
  request r, data
end

WARNING This method opens a serious security hole. Never use this method in production code.

Sets the output stream for debugging:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
File.open('t.tmp', 'w') do |file|
  http.set_debug_output(file)
  http.start
  http.get('/nosuch/1')
  http.finish
end
puts File.read('t.tmp')

Output:

opening connection to jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80...
opened
<- "GET /nosuch/1 HTTP/1.1\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3\r\nAccept: */*\r\nUser-Agent: Ruby\r\nHost: jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\r\n\r\n"
-> "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"
-> "Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2022 21:14:11 GMT\r\n"
-> "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8\r\n"
-> "Content-Length: 2\r\n"
-> "Connection: keep-alive\r\n"
-> "X-Powered-By: Express\r\n"
-> "X-Ratelimit-Limit: 1000\r\n"
-> "X-Ratelimit-Remaining: 999\r\n"
-> "X-Ratelimit-Reset: 1670879660\r\n"
-> "Vary: Origin, Accept-Encoding\r\n"
-> "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\n"
-> "Cache-Control: max-age=43200\r\n"
-> "Pragma: no-cache\r\n"
-> "Expires: -1\r\n"
-> "X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\r\n"
-> "Etag: W/\"2-vyGp6PvFo4RvsFtPoIWeCReyIC8\"\r\n"
-> "Via: 1.1 vegur\r\n"
-> "CF-Cache-Status: MISS\r\n"
-> "Server-Timing: cf-q-config;dur=1.3000000762986e-05\r\n"
-> "Report-To: {\"endpoints\":[{\"url\":\"https:\\/\\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\\/report\\/v3?s=yOr40jo%2BwS1KHzhTlVpl54beJ5Wx2FcG4gGV0XVrh3X9OlR5q4drUn2dkt5DGO4GDcE%2BVXT7CNgJvGs%2BZleIyMu8CLieFiDIvOviOY3EhHg94m0ZNZgrEdpKD0S85S507l1vsEwEHkoTm%2Ff19SiO\"}],\"group\":\"cf-nel\",\"max_age\":604800}\r\n"
-> "NEL: {\"success_fraction\":0,\"report_to\":\"cf-nel\",\"max_age\":604800}\r\n"
-> "Server: cloudflare\r\n"
-> "CF-RAY: 778977dc484ce591-DFW\r\n"
-> "alt-svc: h3=\":443\"; ma=86400, h3-29=\":443\"; ma=86400\r\n"
-> "\r\n"
reading 2 bytes...
-> "{}"
read 2 bytes
Conn keep-alive

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1188
def set_debug_output(output)
  warn 'Net::HTTP#set_debug_output called after HTTP started', uplevel: 1 if started?
  @debug_output = output
end

Starts an HTTP session.

Without a block, returns self:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# => #<Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>
http.start
# => #<Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=true>
http.started? # => true
http.finish

With a block, calls the block with self, finishes the session when the block exits, and returns the block’s value:

http.start do |http|
  http
end
# => #<Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>
http.started? # => false

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1565
def start  # :yield: http
  raise IOError, 'HTTP session already opened' if @started
  if block_given?
    begin
      do_start
      return yield(self)
    ensure
      do_finish
    end
  end
  do_start
  self
end

Returns true if the HTTP session has been started:

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.started? # => false
http.start
http.started? # => true
http.finish # => nil
http.started? # => false

Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
  http.started?
end # => true
http.started? # => false

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1413
def started?
  @started
end

Sends a TRACE request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Trace object created from string path and initial headers hash initheader.

http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.trace('/todos/1')

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2150
def trace(path, initheader = nil)
  request(Trace.new(path, initheader))
end

Sends an UNLOCK request to the server; returns an instance of a subclass of Net::HTTPResponse.

The request is based on the Net::HTTP::Unlock object created from string path, string body, and initial headers hash initheader.

data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.unlock('/todos/1', data)

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2057
def unlock(path, body, initheader = nil)
  request(Unlock.new(path, initheader), body)
end

Sets whether a new session is to use Transport Layer Security:

Raises IOError if attempting to change during a session.

Raises OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError if the port is not an HTTPS port.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1435
def use_ssl=(flag)
  flag = flag ? true : false
  if started? and @use_ssl != flag
    raise IOError, "use_ssl value changed, but session already started"
  end
  @use_ssl = flag
end

Returns true if self uses SSL, false otherwise. See Net::HTTP#use_ssl=.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1425
def use_ssl?
  @use_ssl
end

Sets the write timeout, in seconds, for self to integer sec; the initial value is 60.

Argument sec must be a non-negative numeric value:

_uri = uri.dup
_uri.path = '/posts'
body = 'bar' * 200000
data = <<EOF
{"title": "foo", "body": "#{body}", "userId": "1"}
EOF
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.write_timeout # => 60
http.post(_uri.path, data, headers)
# => #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
http.write_timeout = 0
http.post(_uri.path, data, headers) # Raises Net::WriteTimeout.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 1367
def write_timeout=(sec)
  @socket.write_timeout = sec if @socket
  @write_timeout = sec
end

utils

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2464
def addr_port
  addr = address
  addr = "[#{addr}]" if addr.include?(":")
  default_port = use_ssl? ? HTTP.https_default_port : HTTP.http_default_port
  default_port == port ? addr : "#{addr}:#{port}"
end

Adds a message to debugging output

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2472
def debug(msg)
  return unless @debug_output
  @debug_output << msg
  @debug_output << "\n"
end

Executes a request which uses a representation and returns its body.

# File lib/net/http.rb, line 2318
def send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, type, &block)
  res = nil
  request(type.new(path, initheader), data) {|r|
    r.read_body dest, &block
    res = r
  }
  res
end