class Time

Returns a new Time object based on the given arguments.

Required argument time may be either of:

• A Time object, whose value is the basis for the returned time; also influenced by optional keyword argument in: (see below).

• A numeric number of Epoch seconds for the returned time.

Examples:

t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
secs = t.to_i                          # => 978328799
Time.at(secs)                          # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
Time.at(secs + 0.5)                    # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.at(1000000000)                    # => 2001-09-08 20:46:40 -0500
Time.at(0)                             # => 1969-12-31 18:00:00 -0600
Time.at(-1000000000)                   # => 1938-04-24 17:13:20 -0500

Optional numeric argument subsec and optional symbol argument units work together to specify subseconds for the returned time; argument units specifies the units for subsec:

• :millisecond: subsec in milliseconds:

  Time.at(secs, 0, :millisecond)     # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
  Time.at(secs, 500, :millisecond)   # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
  Time.at(secs, 1000, :millisecond)  # => 2001-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.at(secs, -1000, :millisecond) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:58 -0600
  

• :microsecond or :usec: subsec in microseconds:

  Time.at(secs, 0, :microsecond)        # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
  Time.at(secs, 500000, :microsecond)   # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
  Time.at(secs, 1000000, :microsecond)  # => 2001-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.at(secs, -1000000, :microsecond) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:58 -0600
  

• :nanosecond or :nsec: subsec in nanoseconds:

  Time.at(secs, 0, :nanosecond)           # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59 -0600
  Time.at(secs, 500000000, :nanosecond)   # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
  Time.at(secs, 1000000000, :nanosecond)  # => 2001-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.at(secs, -1000000000, :nanosecond) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:58 -0600
  

Optional keyword argument in: zone specifies the timezone for the returned time:

Time.at(secs, in: '+12:00') # => 2001-01-01 17:59:59 +1200
Time.at(secs, in: '-12:00') # => 2000-12-31 17:59:59 -1200

For the forms of argument zone, see Timezone Specifiers.

# File timev.rb, line 284
def self.at(time, subsec = false, unit = :microsecond, in: nil)
  if Primitive.mandatory_only?
    Primitive.time_s_at1(time)
  else
    Primitive.time_s_at(time, subsec, unit, Primitive.arg!(:in))
  end
end

Parses date as an HTTP-date defined by RFC 2616 and converts it to a Time object.

ArgumentError is raised if date is not compliant with RFC 2616 or if the Time class cannot represent specified date.

See httpdate for more information on this format.

require 'time'

Time.httpdate("Thu, 06 Oct 2011 02:26:12 GMT")
#=> 2011-10-06 02:26:12 UTC

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 566
def httpdate(date)
  if date.match?(/\A\s*
      (?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun),\x20
      (\d{2})\x20
      (Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\x20
      (\d{4})\x20
      (\d{2}):(\d{2}):(\d{2})\x20
      GMT
      \s*\z/ix)
    self.rfc2822(date).utc
  elsif /\A\s*
         (?:Monday|Tuesday|Wednesday|Thursday|Friday|Saturday|Sunday),\x20
         (\d\d)-(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)-(\d\d)\x20
         (\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)\x20
         GMT
         \s*\z/ix =~ date
    year = $3.to_i
    if year < 50
      year += 2000
    else
      year += 1900
    end
    self.utc(year, $2, $1.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i, $6.to_i)
  elsif /\A\s*
         (?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun)\x20
         (Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\x20
         (\d\d|\x20\d)\x20
         (\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)\x20
         (\d{4})
         \s*\z/ix =~ date
    self.utc($6.to_i, MonthValue[$1.upcase], $2.to_i,
             $3.to_i, $4.to_i, $5.to_i)
  else
    raise ArgumentError.new("not RFC 2616 compliant date: #{date.inspect}")
  end
end

See as_json.

# File ext/json/lib/json/add/time.rb, line 9
def self.json_create(object)
  if usec = object.delete('u') # used to be tv_usec -> tv_nsec
    object['n'] = usec * 1000
  end
  if method_defined?(:tv_nsec)
    at(object['s'], Rational(object['n'], 1000))
  else
    at(object['s'], object['n'] / 1000)
  end
end

Like Time.utc, except that the returned Time object has the local timezone, not the UTC timezone:

# With seven arguments.
Time.local(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 0000-01-02 03:04:05.000006 -0600
# With exactly ten arguments.
Time.local(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
# => 0005-04-03 02:01:00 -0600

static VALUE
time_s_mktime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    struct vtm vtm;

    time_arg(argc, argv, &vtm);
    return time_localtime(time_new_timew(klass, timelocalw(&vtm)));
}

Returns a new Time object based on the given arguments, by default in the local timezone.

With no positional arguments, returns the value of Time.now:

Time.new # => 2021-04-24 17:27:46.0512465 -0500

With one string argument that represents a time, returns a new Time object based on the given argument, in the local timezone.

Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5')              # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900')        # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5', in: '+0900') # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.5')              # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600
Time.new('2000-12-31 23:59:59.56789', precision: 3) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.567 -0600

With one to six arguments, returns a new Time object based on the given arguments, in the local timezone.

Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) # => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 -0600

For the positional arguments (other than zone):

• year: Year, with no range limits:

  Time.new(999999999)  # => 999999999-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(-999999999) # => -999999999-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  

• month: Month in range (1..12), or case-insensitive 3-letter month name:

  Time.new(2000, 1)     # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 12)    # => 2000-12-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 'jan') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 'JAN') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  

• mday: Month day in range(1..31):

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 31) # => 2000-01-31 00:00:00 -0600
  

• hour: Hour in range (0..23), or 24 if min, sec, and usec are zero:

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 23) # => 2000-01-01 23:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 24) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 -0600
  

• min: Minute in range (0..59):

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:59:00 -0600
  

• sec: Second in range (0…61):

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:59 -0600
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 60) # => 2000-01-01 00:01:00 -0600
  

  sec may be Float or Rational.

  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59.5)  # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +0900
  Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59.7r) # => 2000-12-31 23:59:59.7 +0900
  

These values may be:

• Integers, as above.

• Numerics convertible to integers:

  Time.new(Float(0.0), Rational(1, 1), 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
  # => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  

• String integers:

  a = %w[0 1 1 0 0 0]
  # => ["0", "1", "1", "0", "0", "0"]
  Time.new(*a) # => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
  

When positional argument zone or keyword argument in: is given, the new Time object is in the specified timezone. For the forms of argument zone, see Timezone Specifiers:

Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, '+12:00')
# => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 +1200
Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, in: '-12:00')
# => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -1200
Time.new(in: '-12:00')
# => 2022-08-23 08:49:26.1941467 -1200

Since in: keyword argument just provides the default, so if the first argument in single string form contains time zone information, this keyword argument will be silently ignored.

Time.new('2000-01-01 00:00:00 +0100', in: '-0500').utc_offset  # => 3600

• precision: maximum effective digits in sub-second part, default is 9. More digits will be truncated, as other operations of Time. Ignored unless the first argument is a string.

# File timev.rb, line 395
def initialize(year = (now = true), mon = (str = year; nil), mday = nil, hour = nil, min = nil, sec = nil, zone = nil,
               in: nil, precision: 9)
  if zone
    if Primitive.arg!(:in)
      raise ArgumentError, "timezone argument given as positional and keyword arguments"
    end
  else
    zone = Primitive.arg!(:in)
  end

  if now
    return Primitive.time_init_now(zone)
  end

  if str and Primitive.time_init_parse(str, zone, precision)
    return self
  end

  Primitive.time_init_args(year, mon, mday, hour, min, sec, zone)
end

Creates a new Time object from the current system time. This is the same as Time.new without arguments.

Time.now               # => 2009-06-24 12:39:54 +0900
Time.now(in: '+04:00') # => 2009-06-24 07:39:54 +0400

For forms of argument zone, see Timezone Specifiers.

# File timev.rb, line 225
def self.now(in: nil)
  Primitive.time_s_now(Primitive.arg!(:in))
end

Takes a string representation of a Time and attempts to parse it using a heuristic.

This method **does not** function as a validator. If the input string does not match valid formats strictly, you may get a cryptic result. Should consider to use ‘Time.strptime` instead of this method as possible.

require 'time'

Time.parse("2010-10-31") #=> 2010-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

Any missing pieces of the date are inferred based on the current date.

require 'time'

# assuming the current date is "2011-10-31"
Time.parse("12:00") #=> 2011-10-31 12:00:00 -0500

We can change the date used to infer our missing elements by passing a second object that responds to mon, day and year, such as Date, Time or DateTime. We can also use our own object.

require 'time'

class MyDate
  attr_reader :mon, :day, :year

  def initialize(mon, day, year)
    @mon, @day, @year = mon, day, year
  end
end

d  = Date.parse("2010-10-28")
t  = Time.parse("2010-10-29")
dt = DateTime.parse("2010-10-30")
md = MyDate.new(10,31,2010)

Time.parse("12:00", d)  #=> 2010-10-28 12:00:00 -0500
Time.parse("12:00", t)  #=> 2010-10-29 12:00:00 -0500
Time.parse("12:00", dt) #=> 2010-10-30 12:00:00 -0500
Time.parse("12:00", md) #=> 2010-10-31 12:00:00 -0500

If a block is given, the year described in date is converted by the block. This is specifically designed for handling two digit years. For example, if you wanted to treat all two digit years prior to 70 as the year 2000+ you could write this:

require 'time'

Time.parse("01-10-31") {|year| year + (year < 70 ? 2000 : 1900)}
#=> 2001-10-31 00:00:00 -0500
Time.parse("70-10-31") {|year| year + (year < 70 ? 2000 : 1900)}
#=> 1970-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

If the upper components of the given time are broken or missing, they are supplied with those of now. For the lower components, the minimum values (1 or 0) are assumed if broken or missing. For example:

require 'time'

# Suppose it is "Thu Nov 29 14:33:20 2001" now and
# your time zone is EST which is GMT-5.
now = Time.parse("Thu Nov 29 14:33:20 2001")
Time.parse("16:30", now)     #=> 2001-11-29 16:30:00 -0500
Time.parse("7/23", now)      #=> 2001-07-23 00:00:00 -0500
Time.parse("Aug 31", now)    #=> 2001-08-31 00:00:00 -0500
Time.parse("Aug 2000", now)  #=> 2000-08-01 00:00:00 -0500

Since there are numerous conflicts among locally defined time zone abbreviations all over the world, this method is not intended to understand all of them. For example, the abbreviation “CST” is used variously as:

-06:00 in America/Chicago,
-05:00 in America/Havana,
+08:00 in Asia/Harbin,
+09:30 in Australia/Darwin,
+10:30 in Australia/Adelaide,
etc.

Based on this fact, this method only understands the time zone abbreviations described in RFC 822 and the system time zone, in the order named. (i.e. a definition in RFC 822 overrides the system time zone definition.) The system time zone is taken from Time.local(year, 1, 1).zone and Time.local(year, 7, 1).zone. If the extracted time zone abbreviation does not match any of them, it is ignored and the given time is regarded as a local time.

ArgumentError is raised if Date._parse cannot extract information from date or if the Time class cannot represent specified date.

This method can be used as a fail-safe for other parsing methods as:

Time.rfc2822(date) rescue Time.parse(date)
Time.httpdate(date) rescue Time.parse(date)
Time.xmlschema(date) rescue Time.parse(date)

A failure of Time.parse should be checked, though.

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 381
def parse(date, now=self.now)
  comp = !block_given?
  d = Date._parse(date, comp)
  year = d[:year]
  year = yield(year) if year && !comp
  make_time(date, year, d[:yday], d[:mon], d[:mday], d[:hour], d[:min], d[:sec], d[:sec_fraction], d[:zone], now)
end

Parses date as date-time defined by RFC 2822 and converts it to a Time object. The format is identical to the date format defined by RFC 822 and updated by RFC 1123.

ArgumentError is raised if date is not compliant with RFC 2822 or if the Time class cannot represent specified date.

See rfc2822 for more information on this format.

require 'time'

Time.rfc2822("Wed, 05 Oct 2011 22:26:12 -0400")
#=> 2010-10-05 22:26:12 -0400

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 508
def rfc2822(date)
  if /\A\s*
      (?:(?:Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun)\s*,\s*)?
      (\d{1,2})\s+
      (Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\s+
      (\d{2,})\s+
      (\d{2})\s*
      :\s*(\d{2})
      (?:\s*:\s*(\d\d))?\s+
      ([+-]\d{4}|
       UT|GMT|EST|EDT|CST|CDT|MST|MDT|PST|PDT|[A-IK-Z])/ix =~ date
    # Since RFC 2822 permit comments, the regexp has no right anchor.
    day = $1.to_i
    mon = MonthValue[$2.upcase]
    year = $3.to_i
    short_year_p = $3.length <= 3
    hour = $4.to_i
    min = $5.to_i
    sec = $6 ? $6.to_i : 0
    zone = $7

    if short_year_p
      # following year completion is compliant with RFC 2822.
      year = if year < 50
               2000 + year
             else
               1900 + year
             end
    end

    off = zone_offset(zone)
    year, mon, day, hour, min, sec =
      apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
    t = self.utc(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec)
    force_zone!(t, zone, off)
    t
  else
    raise ArgumentError.new("not RFC 2822 compliant date: #{date.inspect}")
  end
end

Works similar to parse except that instead of using a heuristic to detect the format of the input string, you provide a second argument that describes the format of the string.

If a block is given, the year described in date is converted by the block. For example:

Time.strptime(...) {|y| y < 100 ? (y >= 69 ? y + 1900 : y + 2000) : y}

Below is a list of the formatting options:

%a

The abbreviated weekday name (“Sun”)

%A

The full weekday name (“Sunday”)

%b

The abbreviated month name (“Jan”)

%B

The full month name (“January”)

%c

The preferred local date and time representation

%C

Century (20 in 2009)

%d

Day of the month (01..31)

%D

Date (%m/%d/%y)

%e

Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)

%F

Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601 date format)

%g

The last two digits of the commercial year

%G

The week-based year according to ISO-8601 (week 1 starts on Monday and includes January 4)

%h

Equivalent to %b

%H

Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)

%I

Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)

%j

Day of the year (001..366)

%k

hour, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)

%l

hour, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..12)

%L

Millisecond of the second (000..999)

%m

Month of the year (01..12)

%M

Minute of the hour (00..59)

%n

Newline (n)

%N

Fractional seconds digits

%p

Meridian indicator (“AM” or “PM”)

%P

Meridian indicator (“am” or “pm”)

%r

time, 12-hour (same as %I:%M:%S %p)

%R

time, 24-hour (%H:%M)

%s

Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.

%S

Second of the minute (00..60)

%t

Tab character (t)

%T

time, 24-hour (%H:%M:%S)

%u

Day of the week as a decimal, Monday being 1. (1..7)

%U

Week number of the current year, starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week (00..53)

%v

VMS date (%e-%b-%Y)

%V

Week number of year according to ISO 8601 (01..53)

%W

Week number of the current year, starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first week (00..53)

%w

Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)

%x

Preferred representation for the date alone, no time

%X

Preferred representation for the time alone, no date

%y

Year without a century (00..99)

%Y

Year which may include century, if provided

%z

Time zone as hour offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)

%Z

Time zone name

%%

Literal “%” character

%+

date(1) (%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)

require 'time'

Time.strptime("2000-10-31", "%Y-%m-%d") #=> 2000-10-31 00:00:00 -0500

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 456
def strptime(date, format, now=self.now)
  d = Date._strptime(date, format)
  raise ArgumentError, "invalid date or strptime format - `#{date}' `#{format}'" unless d
  if seconds = d[:seconds]
    if sec_fraction = d[:sec_fraction]
      usec = sec_fraction * 1000000
      usec *= -1 if seconds < 0
    else
      usec = 0
    end
    t = Time.at(seconds, usec)
    if zone = d[:zone]
      force_zone!(t, zone)
    end
  else
    year = d[:year]
    year = yield(year) if year && block_given?
    yday = d[:yday]
    if (d[:cwyear] && !year) || ((d[:cwday] || d[:cweek]) && !(d[:mon] && d[:mday]))
      # make_time doesn't deal with cwyear/cwday/cweek
      return Date.strptime(date, format).to_time
    end
    if (d[:wnum0] || d[:wnum1]) && !yday && !(d[:mon] && d[:mday])
      yday = Date.strptime(date, format).yday
    end
    t = make_time(date, year, yday, d[:mon], d[:mday], d[:hour], d[:min], d[:sec], d[:sec_fraction], d[:zone], now)
  end
  t
end

Returns a new Time object based the on given arguments, in the UTC timezone.

With one to seven arguments given, the arguments are interpreted as in the first calling sequence above:

Time.utc(year, month = 1, mday = 1, hour = 0, min = 0, sec = 0, usec = 0)

Examples:

Time.utc(2000)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
Time.utc(-2000) # => -2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC

There are no minimum and maximum values for the required argument year.

For the optional arguments:

• month: Month in range (1..12), or case-insensitive 3-letter month name:

  Time.utc(2000, 1)     # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 12)    # => 2000-12-01 00:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 'jan') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 'JAN') # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  

• mday: Month day in range(1..31):

  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 1, 31) # => 2000-01-31 00:00:00 UTC
  

• hour: Hour in range (0..23), or 24 if min, sec, and usec are zero:

  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 23) # => 2000-01-01 23:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 24) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 UTC
  

• min: Minute in range (0..59):

  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:59:00 UTC
  

• sec: Second in range (0..59), or 60 if usec is zero:

  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 59) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:59 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 60) # => 2000-01-01 00:01:00 UTC
  

• usec: Microsecond in range (0..999999):

  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)      # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 999999) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00.999999 UTC
  

The values may be:

• Integers, as above.

• Numerics convertible to integers:

  Time.utc(Float(0.0), Rational(1, 1), 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
  # => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  

• String integers:

  a = %w[0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0]
  # => ["0", "1", "1", "0", "0", "0", "0", "0"]
  Time.utc(*a) # => 0000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  

When exactly ten arguments are given, the arguments are interpreted as in the second calling sequence above:

Time.utc(sec, min, hour, mday, month, year, dummy, dummy, dummy, dummy)

where the dummy arguments are ignored:

a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
Time.utc(*a) # => 0005-04-03 02:01:00 UTC

This form is useful for creating a Time object from a 10-element array returned by Time.to_a:

t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) # => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
a = t.to_a   # => [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2000, 0, 2, false, nil]
Time.utc(*a) # => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 UTC

The two forms have their first six arguments in common, though in different orders; the ranges of these common arguments are the same for both forms; see above.

Raises an exception if the number of arguments is eight, nine, or greater than ten.

Related: Time.local.

static VALUE
time_s_mkutc(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    struct vtm vtm;

    time_arg(argc, argv, &vtm);
    return time_gmtime(time_new_timew(klass, timegmw(&vtm)));
}

Parses time as a dateTime defined by the XML Schema and converts it to a Time object. The format is a restricted version of the format defined by ISO 8601.

ArgumentError is raised if time is not compliant with the format or if the Time class cannot represent the specified time.

See xmlschema for more information on this format.

require 'time'

Time.xmlschema("2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00")
#=> 2011-10-05 22:26:12-04:00

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 620
def xmlschema(time)
  if /\A\s*
      (-?\d+)-(\d\d)-(\d\d)
      T
      (\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)
      (\.\d+)?
      (Z|[+-]\d\d(?::?\d\d)?)?
      \s*\z/ix =~ time
    year = $1.to_i
    mon = $2.to_i
    day = $3.to_i
    hour = $4.to_i
    min = $5.to_i
    sec = $6.to_i
    usec = 0
    if $7
      usec = Rational($7) * 1000000
    end
    if $8
      zone = $8
      off = zone_offset(zone)
      year, mon, day, hour, min, sec =
        apply_offset(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, off)
      t = self.utc(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
      force_zone!(t, zone, off)
      t
    else
      self.local(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
    end
  else
    raise ArgumentError.new("invalid xmlschema format: #{time.inspect}")
  end
end

Return the number of seconds the specified time zone differs from UTC.

Numeric time zones that include minutes, such as -10:00 or +1330 will work, as will simpler hour-only time zones like -10 or +13.

Textual time zones listed in ZoneOffset are also supported.

If the time zone does not match any of the above, zone_offset will check if the local time zone (both with and without potential Daylight Saving Time changes being in effect) matches zone. Specifying a value for year will change the year used to find the local time zone.

If zone_offset is unable to determine the offset, nil will be returned.

require 'time'

Time.zone_offset("EST") #=> -18000

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 82
def zone_offset(zone, year=self.now.year)
  off = nil
  zone = zone.upcase
  if /\A([+-])(\d\d)(:?)(\d\d)(?:\3(\d\d))?\z/ =~ zone
    off = ($1 == '-' ? -1 : 1) * (($2.to_i * 60 + $4.to_i) * 60 + $5.to_i)
  elsif zone.match?(/\A[+-]\d\d\z/)
    off = zone.to_i * 3600
  elsif ZoneOffset.include?(zone)
    off = ZoneOffset[zone] * 3600
  elsif ((t = self.local(year, 1, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
    off = t.utc_offset
  elsif ((t = self.local(year, 7, 1)).zone.upcase == zone rescue false)
    off = t.utc_offset
  end
  off
end

Returns a new Time object whose value is the sum of the numeric value of self and the given numeric:

t = Time.new(2000) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
t + (60 * 60 * 24) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 -0600
t + 0.5            # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00.5 -0600

Related: Time#-.

static VALUE
time_plus(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    GetTimeval(time1, tobj);

    if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "time + time?");
    }
    return time_add(tobj, time1, time2, 1);
}

When numeric is given, returns a new Time object whose value is the difference of the numeric value of self and numeric:

t = Time.new(2000) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 -0600
t - (60 * 60 * 24) # => 1999-12-31 00:00:00 -0600
t - 0.5            # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59.5 -0600

When other_time is given, returns a Float whose value is the difference of the numeric values of self and other_time in seconds:

t - t # => 0.0

Related: Time#+.

static VALUE
time_minus(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj);
    if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
        struct time_object *tobj2;

        GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
        return rb_Float(rb_time_unmagnify_to_float(wsub(tobj->timew, tobj2->timew)));
    }
    return time_add(tobj, time1, time2, -1);
}

Compares self with other_time; returns:

• -1, if self is less than other_time.

• 0, if self is equal to other_time.

• 1, if self is greater then other_time.

• nil, if self and other_time are incomparable.

Examples:

t = Time.now     # => 2007-11-19 08:12:12 -0600
t2 = t + 2592000 # => 2007-12-19 08:12:12 -0600
t <=> t2         # => -1
t2 <=> t         # => 1

t = Time.now     # => 2007-11-19 08:13:38 -0600
t2 = t + 0.1     # => 2007-11-19 08:13:38 -0600
t.nsec           # => 98222999
t2.nsec          # => 198222999
t <=> t2         # => -1
t2 <=> t         # => 1
t <=> t          # => 0

static VALUE
time_cmp(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
{
    struct time_object *tobj1, *tobj2;
    int n;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj1);
    if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
        GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
        n = wcmp(tobj1->timew, tobj2->timew);
    }
    else {
        return rb_invcmp(time1, time2);
    }
    if (n == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
    if (n > 0) return INT2FIX(1);
    return INT2FIX(-1);
}

Methods Time#as_json and Time.json_create may be used to serialize and deserialize a Time object; see Marshal.

Method Time#as_json serializes self, returning a 2-element hash representing self:

require 'json/add/time'
x = Time.now.as_json
# => {"json_class"=>"Time", "s"=>1700931656, "n"=>472846644}

Method JSON.create deserializes such a hash, returning a Time object:

Time.json_create(x)
# => 2023-11-25 11:00:56.472846644 -0600

# File ext/json/lib/json/add/time.rb, line 36
def as_json(*)
  nanoseconds = [ tv_usec * 1000 ]
  respond_to?(:tv_nsec) and nanoseconds << tv_nsec
  nanoseconds = nanoseconds.max
  {
    JSON.create_id => self.class.name,
    's'            => tv_sec,
    'n'            => nanoseconds,
  }
end

Returns a new Time object whose numerical value is greater than or equal to self with its seconds truncated to precision ndigits:

t = Time.utc(2010, 3, 30, 5, 43, 25.123456789r)
t          # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
t.ceil     # => 2010-03-30 05:43:26 UTC
t.ceil(2)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.13 UTC
t.ceil(4)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1235 UTC
t.ceil(6)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123457 UTC
t.ceil(8)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12345679 UTC
t.ceil(10) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC

t = Time.utc(1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
t              # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.4).ceil # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 0.9).ceil # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.4).ceil # => 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC
(t + 1.9).ceil # => 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC

Related: Time#floor, Time#round.

static VALUE
time_ceil(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE ndigits, v, den;
    struct time_object *tobj;

    if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
        den = INT2FIX(1);
    else
        den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

    v = modv(v, den);
    if (!rb_equal(v, INT2FIX(0))) {
        v = subv(den, v);
    }
    return time_add(tobj, time, v, 1);
}

Returns a string representation of self, formatted by strftime('%a %b %e %T %Y') or its shorthand version strftime('%c'); see Formats for Dates and Times:

t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0.5)
t.ctime                      # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.strftime('%a %b %e %T %Y') # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.strftime('%c')             # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"

Related: Time#to_s, Time#inspect:

t.inspect                    # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +000001"
t.to_s                       # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59 +0000"

static VALUE
time_asctime(VALUE time)
{
    return strftimev("%a %b %e %T %Y", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
}

Returns a hash of the name/value pairs, to use in pattern matching. Possible keys are: :year, :month, :day, :yday, :wday, :hour, :min, :sec, :subsec, :dst, :zone.

Possible usages:

t = Time.utc(2022, 10, 5, 21, 25, 30)

if t in wday: 3, day: ..7  # uses deconstruct_keys underneath
  puts "first Wednesday of the month"
end
#=> prints "first Wednesday of the month"

case t
in year: ...2022
  puts "too old"
in month: ..9
  puts "quarter 1-3"
in wday: 1..5, month:
  puts "working day in month #{month}"
end
#=> prints "working day in month 10"

Note that deconstruction by pattern can also be combined with class check:

if t in Time(wday: 3, day: ..7)
  puts "first Wednesday of the month"
end

static VALUE
time_deconstruct_keys(VALUE time, VALUE keys)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    VALUE h;
    long i;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);

    if (NIL_P(keys)) {
        h = rb_hash_new_with_size(11);

        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_year, tobj->vtm.year);
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_month, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_day, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_yday, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_wday, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.wday));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_hour, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_min, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_sec, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_subsec,
                     quov(w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE))), INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE)));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_dst, RBOOL(tobj->vtm.isdst));
        rb_hash_aset(h, sym_zone, time_zone(time));

        return h;
    }
    if (UNLIKELY(!RB_TYPE_P(keys, T_ARRAY))) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
                 "wrong argument type %"PRIsVALUE" (expected Array or nil)",
                 rb_obj_class(keys));

    }

    h = rb_hash_new_with_size(RARRAY_LEN(keys));

    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(keys); i++) {
        VALUE key = RARRAY_AREF(keys, i);

        if (sym_year == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, tobj->vtm.year);
        if (sym_month == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon));
        if (sym_day == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday));
        if (sym_yday == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday));
        if (sym_wday == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.wday));
        if (sym_hour == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour));
        if (sym_min == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min));
        if (sym_sec == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec));
        if (sym_subsec == key) {
            rb_hash_aset(h, key, quov(w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE))), INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE)));
        }
        if (sym_dst == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, RBOOL(tobj->vtm.isdst));
        if (sym_zone == key) rb_hash_aset(h, key, time_zone(time));
    }
    return h;
}

Returns true if self and other_time are both Time objects with the exact same time value.

static VALUE
time_eql(VALUE time1, VALUE time2)
{
    struct time_object *tobj1, *tobj2;

    GetTimeval(time1, tobj1);
    if (IsTimeval(time2)) {
        GetTimeval(time2, tobj2);
        return rb_equal(w2v(tobj1->timew), w2v(tobj2->timew));
    }
    return Qfalse;
}

Returns a new Time object whose numerical value is less than or equal to self with its seconds truncated to precision ndigits:

t = Time.utc(2010, 3, 30, 5, 43, 25.123456789r)
t           # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
t.floor     # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
t.floor(2)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12 UTC
t.floor(4)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1234 UTC
t.floor(6)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456 UTC
t.floor(8)  # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12345678 UTC
t.floor(10) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC

t = Time.utc(1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
t               # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.4).floor # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.9).floor # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 1.4).floor # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.9).floor # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC

Related: Time#ceil, Time#round.

static VALUE
time_floor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE ndigits, v, den;
    struct time_object *tobj;

    if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
        den = INT2FIX(1);
    else
        den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

    v = modv(v, den);
    return time_add(tobj, time, v, -1);
}

Returns true if self represents a Friday, false otherwise:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 7) # => 2000-01-07 00:00:00 UTC
t.friday?                # => true

Related: Time#saturday?, Time#sunday?, Time#monday?.

static VALUE
time_friday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(5);
}

Returns a new Time object representing the value of self converted to a given timezone; if zone is nil, the local timezone is used:

t = Time.utc(2000)                    # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
t.getlocal                            # => 1999-12-31 18:00:00 -0600
t.getlocal('+12:00')                  # => 2000-01-01 12:00:00 +1200

For forms of argument zone, see Timezone Specifiers.

static VALUE
time_getlocaltime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE off;

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(off = argv[0])) {
        VALUE zone = off;
        if (maybe_tzobj_p(zone)) {
            VALUE t = time_dup(time);
            if (zone_localtime(off, t)) return t;
        }

        if (NIL_P(off = utc_offset_arg(off))) {
            off = zone;
            if (NIL_P(zone = find_timezone(time, off))) invalid_utc_offset(off);
            time = time_dup(time);
            if (!zone_localtime(zone, time)) invalid_utc_offset(off);
            return time;
        }
        else if (off == UTC_ZONE) {
            return time_gmtime(time_dup(time));
        }
        validate_utc_offset(off);

        time = time_dup(time);
        time_set_utc_offset(time, off);
        return time_fixoff(time);
    }

    return time_localtime(time_dup(time));
}

Returns the integer hash code for self.

Related: Object#hash.

static VALUE
time_hash(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return rb_hash(w2v(tobj->timew));
}

Returns the integer hour of the day for self, in range (0..23):

t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.hour # => 3

Related: Time#year, Time#mon, Time#min.

static VALUE
time_hour(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour);
}

Returns a string which represents the time as RFC 1123 date of HTTP-date defined by RFC 2616:

day-of-week, DD month-name CCYY hh:mm:ss GMT

Note that the result is always UTC (GMT).

require 'time'

t = Time.now
t.httpdate # => "Thu, 06 Oct 2011 02:26:12 GMT"

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 692
def httpdate
  getutc.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT')
end

Returns a string representation of self with subseconds:

t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0.5)
t.inspect # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +000001"

Related: Time#ctime, Time#to_s:

t.ctime   # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.to_s    # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59 +0000"

static VALUE
time_inspect(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    VALUE str, subsec;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    str = strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
    subsec = w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE)));
    if (subsec == INT2FIX(0)) {
    }
    else if (FIXNUM_P(subsec) && FIX2LONG(subsec) < TIME_SCALE) {
        long len;
        rb_str_catf(str, ".%09ld", FIX2LONG(subsec));
        for (len=RSTRING_LEN(str); RSTRING_PTR(str)[len-1] == '0' && len > 0; len--)
            ;
        rb_str_resize(str, len);
    }
    else {
        rb_str_cat_cstr(str, " ");
        subsec = quov(subsec, INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE));
        rb_str_concat(str, rb_obj_as_string(subsec));
    }
    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
        rb_str_cat_cstr(str, " UTC");
    }
    else {
        /* ?TODO: subsecond offset */
        long off = NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(tobj->vtm.utc_offset, rb_intern("round"), 0));
        char sign = (off < 0) ? (off = -off, '-') : '+';
        int sec = off % 60;
        int min = (off /= 60) % 60;
        off /= 60;
        rb_str_catf(str, " %c%.2d%.2d", sign, (int)off, min);
        if (sec) rb_str_catf(str, "%.2d", sec);
    }
    return str;
}

With no argument given:

• Returns self if self is a local time.

• Otherwise returns a new Time in the user’s local timezone:

  t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
  t.localtime                         # => 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600
  

With argument zone given, returns the new Time object created by converting self to the given time zone:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1) # => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
t.localtime("-09:00")               # => 2000-01-01 11:15:01 -0900

For forms of argument zone, see Timezone Specifiers.

static VALUE
time_localtime_m(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE off;

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) && !NIL_P(off = argv[0])) {
        return time_zonelocal(time, off);
    }

    return time_localtime(time);
}

Returns the integer minute of the hour for self, in range (0..59):

t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.min # => 4

Related: Time#year, Time#mon, Time#sec.

static VALUE
time_min(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min);
}

Returns the integer month of the year for self, in range (1..12):

t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.mon # => 1

Related: Time#year, Time#hour, Time#min.

static VALUE
time_mon(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon);
}

Returns true if self represents a Monday, false otherwise:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 3) # => 2000-01-03 00:00:00 UTC
t.monday?                # => true

Related: Time#tuesday?, Time#wednesday?, Time#thursday?.

static VALUE
time_monday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(1);
}

Returns a string which represents the time as date-time defined by RFC 2822:

day-of-week, DD month-name CCYY hh:mm:ss zone

where zone is [+-]hhmm.

If self is a UTC time, -0000 is used as zone.

require 'time'

t = Time.now
t.rfc2822  # => "Wed, 05 Oct 2011 22:26:12 -0400"

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 672
def rfc2822
  strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %T ') << (utc? ? '-0000' : strftime('%z'))
end

Returns a new Time object whose numeric value is that of self, with its seconds value rounded to precision ndigits:

t = Time.utc(2010, 3, 30, 5, 43, 25.123456789r)
t          # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC
t.round    # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
t.round(0) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC
t.round(1) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1 UTC
t.round(2) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12 UTC
t.round(3) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123 UTC
t.round(4) # => 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1235 UTC

t = Time.utc(1999, 12,31, 23, 59, 59)
t                # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.4).round  # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.49).round # => 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC
(t + 0.5).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.4).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.49).round # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
(t + 1.5).round  # => 2000-01-01 00:00:01 UTC

Related: Time#ceil, Time#floor.

static VALUE
time_round(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE time)
{
    VALUE ndigits, v, den;
    struct time_object *tobj;

    if (!rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1) || NIL_P(ndigits = argv[0]))
        den = INT2FIX(1);
    else
        den = ndigits_denominator(ndigits);

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    v = w2v(rb_time_unmagnify(tobj->timew));

    v = modv(v, den);
    if (lt(v, quov(den, INT2FIX(2))))
        return time_add(tobj, time, v, -1);
    else
        return time_add(tobj, time, subv(den, v), 1);
}

Returns true if self represents a Saturday, false otherwise:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1) # => 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
t.saturday?              # => true

Related: Time#sunday?, Time#monday?, Time#tuesday?.

static VALUE
time_saturday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(6);
}

Returns the integer second of the minute for self, in range (0..60):

t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.sec # => 5

Note: the second value may be 60 when there is a leap second.

Related: Time#year, Time#mon, Time#min.

static VALUE
time_sec(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec);
}

Returns a string representation of self, formatted according to the given string format. See Formats for Dates and Times.

static VALUE
time_strftime(VALUE time, VALUE format)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    const char *fmt;
    long len;
    rb_encoding *enc;
    VALUE tmp;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
    StringValue(format);
    if (!rb_enc_str_asciicompat_p(format)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "format should have ASCII compatible encoding");
    }
    tmp = rb_str_tmp_frozen_acquire(format);
    fmt = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
    len = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
    enc = rb_enc_get(format);
    if (len == 0) {
        rb_warning("strftime called with empty format string");
        return rb_enc_str_new(0, 0, enc);
    }
    else {
        VALUE str = rb_strftime_alloc(fmt, len, enc, time, &tobj->vtm, tobj->timew,
                                      TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj));
        rb_str_tmp_frozen_release(format, tmp);
        if (!str) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid format: %"PRIsVALUE, format);
        return str;
    }
}

Returns the exact subseconds for self as a Numeric (Integer or Rational):

t = Time.now # => 2022-07-11 15:11:36.8490302 -0500
t.subsec     # => (4245151/5000000)

If the subseconds is zero, returns integer zero:

t = Time.new(2000, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4) # => 2000-01-01 02:03:04 -0600
t.subsec                          # => 0

static VALUE
time_subsec(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return quov(w2v(wmod(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE))), INT2FIX(TIME_SCALE));
}

Returns true if self represents a Sunday, false otherwise:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 2) # => 2000-01-02 00:00:00 UTC
t.sunday?                # => true

Related: Time#monday?, Time#tuesday?, Time#wednesday?.

static VALUE
time_sunday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(0);
}

Returns true if self represents a Thursday, false otherwise:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 6) # => 2000-01-06 00:00:00 UTC
t.thursday?              # => true

Related: Time#friday?, Time#saturday?, Time#sunday?.

static VALUE
time_thursday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(4);
}

Returns a 10-element array of values representing self:

Time.utc(2000, 1, 1).to_a
# => [0,   0,   0,    1,   1,   2000, 6,    1,    false, "UTC"]
#    [sec, min, hour, day, mon, year, wday, yday, dst?,   zone]

The returned array is suitable for use as an argument to Time.utc or Time.local to create a new Time object.

static VALUE
time_to_a(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
    return rb_ary_new3(10,
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.sec),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.min),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.hour),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mday),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.mon),
                    tobj->vtm.year,
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.wday),
                    INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday),
                    RBOOL(tobj->vtm.isdst),
                    time_zone(time));
}

Returns a Date object which denotes self.

static VALUE
time_to_date(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE y, nth, ret;
    int ry, m, d;

    y = f_year(self);
    m = FIX2INT(f_mon(self));
    d = FIX2INT(f_mday(self));

    decode_year(y, -1, &nth, &ry);

    ret = d_simple_new_internal(cDate,
                                nth, 0,
                                GREGORIAN,
                                ry, m, d,
                                HAVE_CIVIL);
    {
        get_d1(ret);
        set_sg(dat, DEFAULT_SG);
    }
    return ret;
}

Returns a DateTime object which denotes self.

static VALUE
time_to_datetime(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE y, sf, nth, ret;
    int ry, m, d, h, min, s, of;

    y = f_year(self);
    m = FIX2INT(f_mon(self));
    d = FIX2INT(f_mday(self));

    h = FIX2INT(f_hour(self));
    min = FIX2INT(f_min(self));
    s = FIX2INT(f_sec(self));
    if (s == 60)
        s = 59;

    sf = sec_to_ns(f_subsec(self));
    of = FIX2INT(f_utc_offset(self));

    decode_year(y, -1, &nth, &ry);

    ret = d_complex_new_internal(cDateTime,
                                 nth, 0,
                                 0, sf,
                                 of, GREGORIAN,
                                 ry, m, d,
                                 h, min, s,
                                 HAVE_CIVIL | HAVE_TIME);
    {
        get_d1(ret);
        set_sg(dat, DEFAULT_SG);
    }
    return ret;
}

Returns the value of self as a Float number Epoch seconds; subseconds are included.

The stored value of self is a Rational, which means that the returned value may be approximate:

Time.utc(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_f         # => 0.0
Time.utc(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 999999).to_f # => 0.999999
Time.utc(1950, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_f         # => -631152000.0
Time.utc(1990, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_f         # => 631152000.0

Related: Time#to_i, Time#to_r.

static VALUE
time_to_f(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return rb_Float(rb_time_unmagnify_to_float(tobj->timew));
}

Returns the value of self as integer Epoch seconds; subseconds are truncated (not rounded):

Time.utc(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_i         # => 0
Time.utc(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 999999).to_i # => 0
Time.utc(1950, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_i         # => -631152000
Time.utc(1990, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).to_i         # => 631152000

Related: Time#to_f Time#to_r.

static VALUE
time_to_i(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return w2v(wdiv(tobj->timew, WINT2FIXWV(TIME_SCALE)));
}

Returns a JSON string representing self:

require 'json/add/time'
puts Time.now.to_json

Output:

{"json_class":"Time","s":1700931678,"n":980650786}

# File ext/json/lib/json/add/time.rb, line 56
def to_json(*args)
  as_json.to_json(*args)
end

Returns the value of self as a Rational exact number of Epoch seconds;

Time.now.to_r # => (16571402750320203/10000000)

Related: Time#to_f, Time#to_i.

static VALUE
time_to_r(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    VALUE v;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    v = rb_time_unmagnify_to_rational(tobj->timew);
    if (!RB_TYPE_P(v, T_RATIONAL)) {
        v = rb_Rational1(v);
    }
    return v;
}

Returns a string representation of self, without subseconds:

t = Time.new(2000, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0.5)
t.to_s    # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59 +0000"

Related: Time#ctime, Time#inspect:

t.ctime   # => "Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 2000"
t.inspect # => "2000-12-31 23:59:59.5 +000001"

static VALUE
time_to_s(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj))
        return strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
    else
        return strftimev("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z", time, rb_usascii_encoding());
}

Returns self.

static VALUE
time_to_time(VALUE self)
{
    return self;
}

Returns true if self represents a Tuesday, false otherwise:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 4) # => 2000-01-04 00:00:00 UTC
t.tuesday?               # => true

Related: Time#wednesday?, Time#thursday?, Time#friday?.

static VALUE
time_tuesday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(2);
}

Returns true if self represents a time in UTC (GMT):

now = Time.now
# => 2022-08-18 10:24:13.5398485 -0500
now.utc? # => false
utc = Time.utc(2000, 1, 1, 20, 15, 1)
# => 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC
utc.utc? # => true

Related: Time.utc.

static VALUE
time_utc_p(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    return RBOOL(TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj));
}

Returns the integer day of the week for self, in range (0..6), with Sunday as zero.

t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.wday    # => 0
t.sunday? # => true

Related: Time#year, Time#hour, Time#min.

static VALUE
time_wday(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.wday != VTM_WDAY_INITVAL);
    return INT2FIX((int)tobj->vtm.wday);
}

Returns true if self represents a Wednesday, false otherwise:

t = Time.utc(2000, 1, 5) # => 2000-01-05 00:00:00 UTC
t.wednesday?             # => true

Related: Time#thursday?, Time#friday?, Time#saturday?.

static VALUE
time_wednesday(VALUE time)
{
    wday_p(3);
}

Returns a string which represents the time as a dateTime defined by XML Schema:

CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD
CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sssTZD

where TZD is Z or [+-]hh:mm.

If self is a UTC time, Z is used as TZD. [+-]hh:mm is used otherwise.

fraction_digits specifies a number of digits to use for fractional seconds. Its default value is 0.

require 'time'

t = Time.now
t.iso8601  # => "2011-10-05T22:26:12-04:00"

You must require ‘time’ to use this method.

# File lib/time.rb, line 717
def xmlschema(fraction_digits=0)
  fraction_digits = fraction_digits.to_i
  s = strftime("%FT%T")
  if fraction_digits > 0
    s << strftime(".%#{fraction_digits}N")
  end
  s << (utc? ? 'Z' : strftime("%:z"))
end

Returns the integer day of the year of self, in range (1..366).

Time.new(2000, 1, 1).yday   # => 1
Time.new(2000, 12, 31).yday # => 366

static VALUE
time_yday(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM_ENSURE(time, tobj, tobj->vtm.yday != 0);
    return INT2FIX(tobj->vtm.yday);
}

Returns the integer year for self:

t = Time.new(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
# => 2000-01-02 03:04:05 +000006
t.year # => 2000

Related: Time#mon, Time#hour, Time#min.

static VALUE
time_year(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);
    return tobj->vtm.year;
}

Returns the string name of the time zone for self:

Time.utc(2000, 1, 1).zone # => "UTC"
Time.new(2000, 1, 1).zone # => "Central Standard Time"

static VALUE
time_zone(VALUE time)
{
    struct time_object *tobj;
    VALUE zone;

    GetTimeval(time, tobj);
    MAKE_TM(time, tobj);

    if (TZMODE_UTC_P(tobj)) {
        return rb_usascii_str_new_cstr("UTC");
    }
    zone = tobj->vtm.zone;
    if (NIL_P(zone))
        return Qnil;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(zone, T_STRING))
        zone = rb_str_dup(zone);
    return zone;
}