class Net::FTP
This class implements the File Transfer Protocol. If you have used a command-line FTP program, and are familiar with the commands, you will be able to use this class easily. Some extra features are included to take advantage of Ruby's style and strengths.
Example¶ ↑
require 'net/ftp'
Example 1¶ ↑
ftp = Net::FTP.new('example.com') ftp.login files = ftp.chdir('pub/lang/ruby/contrib') files = ftp.list('n*') ftp.getbinaryfile('nif.rb-0.91.gz', 'nif.gz', 1024) ftp.close
Example 2¶ ↑
Net::FTP.open('example.com') do |ftp| ftp.login files = ftp.chdir('pub/lang/ruby/contrib') files = ftp.list('n*') ftp.getbinaryfile('nif.rb-0.91.gz', 'nif.gz', 1024) end
Major Methods¶ ↑
The following are the methods most likely to be useful to users:
Constants
- CASE_DEPENDENT_PARSER
- CASE_INDEPENDENT_PARSER
- DECIMAL_PARSER
- FACT_PARSERS
- OCTAL_PARSER
- TIME_PARSER
Attributes
When true
, transfers are performed in binary mode. Default:
true
.
When true
, all traffic to and from the server is written to
+$stdout+. Default: false
.
The server's last response.
The server's last response code.
The server's last response code.
Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. Any number may be
used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot open a connection in this many
seconds, it raises a Net::OpenTimeout
exception. The default value is nil
.
When true
, the connection is in passive mode. Default:
true
.
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot read data in this many seconds, it raises a Timeout::Error exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
Sets or retrieves the resume
status, which decides whether
incomplete transfers are resumed or restarted. Default:
false
.
Number of seconds to wait for the TLS handshake. Any number may be used,
including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP
object cannot complete the TLS handshake in this many seconds, it raises a
Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default
value is nil
. If ssl_handshake_timeout
is
nil
, open_timeout
is used instead.
The server's welcome message.
Public Class Methods
When true
, connections are in passive mode per default.
Default: true
.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 150 def self.default_passive @@default_passive end
When true
, connections are in passive mode per default.
Default: true
.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 144 def self.default_passive=(value) @@default_passive = value end
Creates and returns a new FTP
object. If a host
is given, a connection is made.
options
is an option hash, each key of which is a symbol.
The available options are:
- port
-
Port number (default value is 21)
- ssl
-
If options is true, then an attempt will be made to use SSL (now TLS) to connect to the server. For this to work OpenSSL [OSSL] and the Ruby OpenSSL [RSSL] extensions need to be installed. If options is a hash, it's passed to OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#set_params as parameters.
- private_data_connection
-
If true, TLS is used for data connections. Default:
true
when options is true. - username
-
Username for login. If options is the string “anonymous” and the options is
nil
, “anonymous@” is used as a password. - password
-
Password for login.
- account
-
Account information for ACCT.
- passive
-
When
true
, the connection is in passive mode. Default:true
. - #open_timeout
-
Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. See #open_timeout for details. Default:
nil
. - #read_timeout
-
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read. See #read_timeout for details. Default:
60
. - #ssl_handshake_timeout
-
Number of seconds to wait for the TLS handshake. See #ssl_handshake_timeout for details. Default:
nil
. - #debug_mode
-
When
true
, all traffic to and from the server is written to +$stdout+. Default:false
.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 210 def initialize(host = nil, user_or_options = {}, passwd = nil, acct = nil) super() begin options = user_or_options.to_hash rescue NoMethodError # for backward compatibility options = {} options[:username] = user_or_options options[:password] = passwd options[:account] = acct end @host = nil if options[:ssl] unless defined?(OpenSSL::SSL) raise "SSL extension not installed" end ssl_params = options[:ssl] == true ? {} : options[:ssl] @ssl_context = SSLContext.new @ssl_context.set_params(ssl_params) if defined?(VerifyCallbackProc) @ssl_context.verify_callback = VerifyCallbackProc end @ssl_context.session_cache_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_CLIENT | OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE @ssl_context.session_new_cb = proc {|sock, sess| @ssl_session = sess } @ssl_session = nil if options[:private_data_connection].nil? @private_data_connection = true else @private_data_connection = options[:private_data_connection] end else @ssl_context = nil if options[:private_data_connection] raise ArgumentError, "private_data_connection can be set to true only when ssl is enabled" end @private_data_connection = false end @binary = true if options[:passive].nil? @passive = @@default_passive else @passive = options[:passive] end if options[:debug_mode].nil? @debug_mode = false else @debug_mode = options[:debug_mode] end @resume = false @bare_sock = @sock = NullSocket.new @logged_in = false @open_timeout = options[:open_timeout] @ssl_handshake_timeout = options[:ssl_handshake_timeout] @read_timeout = options[:read_timeout] || 60 if host connect(host, options[:port] || FTP_PORT) if options[:username] login(options[:username], options[:password], options[:account]) end end end
A synonym for FTP.new
, but with a mandatory host parameter.
If a block is given, it is passed the FTP
object, which will
be closed when the block finishes, or when an exception is raised.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 160 def FTP.open(host, *args) if block_given? ftp = new(host, *args) begin yield ftp ensure ftp.close end else new(host, *args) end end
Public Instance Methods
Aborts the previous command (ABOR command).
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1225 def abort line = "ABOR" + CRLF print "put: ABOR\n" if @debug_mode @sock.send(line, Socket::MSG_OOB) resp = getmultiline unless ["426", "226", "225"].include?(resp[0, 3]) raise FTPProtoError, resp end return resp end
Sends the ACCT command.
This is a less common FTP command, to send account information if the destination host requires it.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 878 def acct(account) cmd = "ACCT " + account voidcmd(cmd) end
A setter to toggle transfers in binary mode. newmode
is either
true
or false
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 277 def binary=(newmode) if newmode != @binary @binary = newmode send_type_command if @logged_in end end
Changes the (remote) directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1146 def chdir(dirname) if dirname == ".." begin voidcmd("CDUP") return rescue FTPPermError => e if e.message[0, 3] != "500" raise e end end end cmd = "CWD #{dirname}" voidcmd(cmd) end
Closes the connection. Further operations are impossible until you open a new connection with connect.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1303 def close if @sock and not @sock.closed? begin @sock.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR) rescue nil orig, self.read_timeout = self.read_timeout, 3 @sock.read rescue nil ensure @sock.close self.read_timeout = orig end end end
Returns true
iff the connection is closed.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1319 def closed? @sock == nil or @sock.closed? end
Establishes an FTP connection to host, optionally
overriding the default port. If the environment variable
SOCKS_SERVER
is set, sets up the connection through a SOCKS
proxy. Raises an exception (typically Errno::ECONNREFUSED
) if
the connection cannot be established.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 365 def connect(host, port = FTP_PORT) if @debug_mode print "connect: ", host, ", ", port, "\n" end synchronize do @host = host @bare_sock = open_socket(host, port) @sock = BufferedSocket.new(@bare_sock, read_timeout: @read_timeout) voidresp if @ssl_context begin voidcmd("AUTH TLS") ssl_sock = start_tls_session(@bare_sock) @sock = BufferedSSLSocket.new(ssl_sock, read_timeout: @read_timeout) if @private_data_connection voidcmd("PBSZ 0") voidcmd("PROT P") end rescue OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, OpenTimeout @sock.close raise end end end end
Deletes a file on the server.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1132 def delete(filename) resp = sendcmd("DELE #{filename}") if resp.start_with?("250") return elsif resp.start_with?("5") raise FTPPermError, resp else raise FTPReplyError, resp end end
Retrieves remotefile
in whatever mode the session is set (text
or binary). See gettextfile
and getbinaryfile.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 807 def get(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data if @binary getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile, blocksize, &block) else gettextfile(remotefile, localfile, &block) end end
Retrieves remotefile
in binary mode, storing the result in
localfile
. If localfile
is nil, returns retrieved
data. If a block is supplied, it is passed the retrieved data in
blocksize
chunks.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 746 def getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data f = nil result = nil if localfile if @resume rest_offset = File.size?(localfile) f = File.open(localfile, "a") else rest_offset = nil f = File.open(localfile, "w") end elsif !block_given? result = String.new end begin f&.binmode retrbinary("RETR #{remotefile}", blocksize, rest_offset) do |data| f&.write(data) block&.(data) result&.concat(data) end return result ensure f&.close end end
Retrieves remotefile
in ASCII (text) mode, storing the result
in localfile
. If localfile
is nil, returns
retrieved data. If a block is supplied, it is passed the retrieved data one
line at a time.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 781 def gettextfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), &block) # :yield: line f = nil result = nil if localfile f = File.open(localfile, "w") elsif !block_given? result = String.new end begin retrlines("RETR #{remotefile}") do |line, newline| l = newline ? line + "\n" : line f&.print(l) block&.(line, newline) result&.concat(l) end return result ensure f&.close end end
Issues the HELP command.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1267 def help(arg = nil) cmd = "HELP" if arg cmd = cmd + " " + arg end sendcmd(cmd) end
Returns an array of file information in the directory (the output is like `ls -l`). If a block is given, it iterates through the listing.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 902 def list(*args, &block) # :yield: line cmd = "LIST" args.each do |arg| cmd = "#{cmd} #{arg}" end lines = [] retrlines(cmd) do |line| lines << line end if block lines.each(&block) end return lines end
Logs in to the remote host. The session must have been previously
connected. If user
is the string “anonymous” and the
password
is nil
, “anonymous@” is used as a
password. If the acct
parameter is not nil
, an
FTP ACCT command is sent following the successful
login. Raises an exception on error (typically
Net::FTPPermError
).
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 597 def login(user = "anonymous", passwd = nil, acct = nil) if user == "anonymous" and passwd == nil passwd = "anonymous@" end resp = "" synchronize do resp = sendcmd('USER ' + user) if resp.start_with?("3") raise FTPReplyError, resp if passwd.nil? resp = sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd) end if resp.start_with?("3") raise FTPReplyError, resp if acct.nil? resp = sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct) end end if !resp.start_with?("2") raise FTPReplyError, resp end @welcome = resp send_type_command @logged_in = true end
Returns the raw last modification time of the (remote) file in the format “YYYYMMDDhhmmss” (MDTM command).
Use mtime
if you want a parsed Time
instance.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1257 def mdtm(filename) resp = sendcmd("MDTM #{filename}") if resp.start_with?("213") return get_body(resp) end end
Creates a remote directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1190 def mkdir(dirname) resp = sendcmd("MKD #{dirname}") return parse257(resp) end
Returns an array of the entries of the directory specified by
pathname
. Each entry has the facts (e.g., size, last
modification time, etc.) and the pathname. If a block is given, it iterates
through the listing. If pathname
is omitted, the current
directory is assumed.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1106 def mlsd(pathname = nil, &block) # :yield: entry cmd = pathname ? "MLSD #{pathname}" : "MLSD" entries = [] retrlines(cmd) do |line| entries << parse_mlsx_entry(line) end if block entries.each(&block) end return entries end
Returns data (e.g., size, last modification time, entry type, etc.) about
the file or directory specified by pathname
. If
pathname
is omitted, the current directory is assumed.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1084 def mlst(pathname = nil) cmd = pathname ? "MLST #{pathname}" : "MLST" resp = sendcmd(cmd) if !resp.start_with?("250") raise FTPReplyError, resp end line = resp.lines[1] unless line raise FTPProtoError, resp end entry = line.sub(/\A(250-| *)/, "") return parse_mlsx_entry(entry) end
Returns the last modification time of the (remote) file. If
local
is true
, it is returned as a local time,
otherwise it's a UTC time.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1183 def mtime(filename, local = false) return TIME_PARSER.(mdtm(filename), local) end
Returns an array of filenames in the remote directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 886 def nlst(dir = nil) cmd = "NLST" if dir cmd = "#{cmd} #{dir}" end files = [] retrlines(cmd) do |line| files.push(line) end return files end
Issues a NOOP command.
Does nothing except return a response.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1287 def noop voidcmd("NOOP") end
Transfers localfile
to the server in whatever mode the session
is set (text or binary). See puttextfile and putbinaryfile.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 863 def put(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) if @binary putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile, blocksize, &block) else puttextfile(localfile, remotefile, &block) end end
Transfers localfile
to the server in binary mode, storing the
result in remotefile
. If a block is supplied, calls it,
passing in the transmitted data in blocksize
chunks.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 821 def putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data if @resume begin rest_offset = size(remotefile) rescue Net::FTPPermError rest_offset = nil end else rest_offset = nil end f = File.open(localfile) begin f.binmode if rest_offset storbinary("APPE #{remotefile}", f, blocksize, rest_offset, &block) else storbinary("STOR #{remotefile}", f, blocksize, rest_offset, &block) end ensure f.close end end
Transfers localfile
to the server in ASCII (text) mode,
storing the result in remotefile
. If callback or an associated
block is supplied, calls it, passing in the transmitted data one line at a
time.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 850 def puttextfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), &block) # :yield: line f = File.open(localfile) begin storlines("STOR #{remotefile}", f, &block) ensure f.close end end
Returns the current remote directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1205 def pwd resp = sendcmd("PWD") return parse257(resp) end
Exits the FTP session.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1278 def quit voidcmd("QUIT") end
Setter for the #read_timeout attribute.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 127 def read_timeout=(sec) @sock.read_timeout = sec @read_timeout = sec end
Renames a file on the server.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1121 def rename(fromname, toname) resp = sendcmd("RNFR #{fromname}") if !resp.start_with?("3") raise FTPReplyError, resp end voidcmd("RNTO #{toname}") end
Puts the connection into binary (image) mode, issues the given command, and
fetches the data returned, passing it to the associated block in chunks of
blocksize
characters. Note that cmd
is a server
command (such as “RETR myfile”).
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 628 def retrbinary(cmd, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) # :yield: data synchronize do with_binary(true) do begin conn = transfercmd(cmd, rest_offset) loop do data = conn.read(blocksize) break if data == nil yield(data) end conn.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR) conn.read_timeout = 1 conn.read ensure conn.close if conn end voidresp end end end
Puts the connection into ASCII (text) mode, issues the given command, and
passes the resulting data, one line at a time, to the associated block. If
no block is given, prints the lines. Note that cmd
is a server
command (such as “RETR myfile”).
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 655 def retrlines(cmd) # :yield: line synchronize do with_binary(false) do begin conn = transfercmd(cmd) loop do line = conn.gets break if line == nil yield(line.sub(/\r?\n\z/, ""), !line.match(/\n\z/).nil?) end conn.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR) conn.read_timeout = 1 conn.read ensure conn.close if conn end voidresp end end end
Removes a remote directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1198 def rmdir(dirname) voidcmd("RMD #{dirname}") end
Sends a command and returns the response.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 490 def sendcmd(cmd) synchronize do putline(cmd) return getresp end end
Issues a SITE command.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1294 def site(arg) cmd = "SITE " + arg voidcmd(cmd) end
Returns the size of the given (remote) filename.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1169 def size(filename) with_binary(true) do resp = sendcmd("SIZE #{filename}") if !resp.start_with?("213") raise FTPReplyError, resp end return get_body(resp).to_i end end
Returns the status (STAT command). pathname - when stat is invoked with pathname as a parameter it acts like
list but alot faster and over the same tcp session.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1241 def status(pathname = nil) line = pathname ? "STAT #{pathname}" : "STAT" if /[\r\n]/ =~ line raise ArgumentError, "A line must not contain CR or LF" end print "put: #{line}\n" if @debug_mode @sock.send(line + CRLF, Socket::MSG_OOB) return getresp end
Puts the connection into binary (image) mode, issues the given server-side
command (such as “STOR myfile”), and sends the contents of the file named
file
to the server. If the optional block is given, it also
passes it the data, in chunks of blocksize
characters.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 682 def storbinary(cmd, file, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) # :yield: data if rest_offset file.seek(rest_offset, IO::SEEK_SET) end synchronize do with_binary(true) do conn = transfercmd(cmd) loop do buf = file.read(blocksize) break if buf == nil conn.write(buf) yield(buf) if block_given? end conn.close voidresp end end rescue Errno::EPIPE # EPIPE, in this case, means that the data connection was unexpectedly # terminated. Rather than just raising EPIPE to the caller, check the # response on the control connection. If getresp doesn't raise a more # appropriate exception, re-raise the original exception. getresp raise end
Puts the connection into ASCII (text) mode, issues the given server-side
command (such as “STOR myfile”), and sends the contents of the file named
file
to the server, one line at a time. If the optional block
is given, it also passes it the lines.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 714 def storlines(cmd, file) # :yield: line synchronize do with_binary(false) do conn = transfercmd(cmd) loop do buf = file.gets break if buf == nil if buf[-2, 2] != CRLF buf = buf.chomp + CRLF end conn.write(buf) yield(buf) if block_given? end conn.close voidresp end end rescue Errno::EPIPE # EPIPE, in this case, means that the data connection was unexpectedly # terminated. Rather than just raising EPIPE to the caller, check the # response on the control connection. If getresp doesn't raise a more # appropriate exception, re-raise the original exception. getresp raise end
Returns system information.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1214 def system resp = sendcmd("SYST") if !resp.start_with?("215") raise FTPReplyError, resp end return get_body(resp) end
Sends a command and expect a response beginning with '2'.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 500 def voidcmd(cmd) synchronize do putline(cmd) voidresp end end
Private Instance Methods
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1064 def parse_mlsx_entry(entry) facts, pathname = entry.chomp.split(/ /, 2) unless pathname raise FTPProtoError, entry end return MLSxEntry.new( facts.scan(/(.*?)=(.*?);/).each_with_object({}) { |(factname, value), h| name = factname.downcase h[name] = FACT_PARSERS[name].(value) }, pathname) end
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1357 def parse_pasv_ipv4_host(s) return s.tr(",", ".") end
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1362 def parse_pasv_ipv6_host(s) return s.split(/,/).map { |i| "%02x" % i.to_i }.each_slice(2).map(&:join).join(":") end
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1369 def parse_pasv_port(s) return s.split(/,/).map(&:to_i).inject { |x, y| (x << 8) + y } end
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 342 def start_tls_session(sock) ssl_sock = SSLSocket.new(sock, @ssl_context) ssl_sock.sync_close = true ssl_sock.hostname = @host if ssl_sock.respond_to? :hostname= if @ssl_session && Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME) < @ssl_session.time.to_f + @ssl_session.timeout # ProFTPD returns 425 for data connections if session is not reused. ssl_sock.session = @ssl_session end ssl_socket_connect(ssl_sock, @ssl_handshake_timeout || @open_timeout) if @ssl_context.verify_mode != VERIFY_NONE ssl_sock.post_connection_check(@host) end return ssl_sock end