Ruby 2.1.0 リファレンスマニュアル > 疑似BNFによるRubyの文法

疑似BNFによるRubyの文法

以下に疑似BNFによるRubyの文法を示します。より詳しくは parse.y を 参照してください。sample/exyacc.rbを使うと規則だけを取り出せますので 活用しましょう。

((-このBNFはまだ完全に1.6対応していません。[[unknown:執筆者募集]]-))

PROGRAM         : COMPSTMT

COMPSTMT        : STMT (TERM EXPR)* [TERM]

STMT            : CALL do [`|' [BLOCK_VAR] `|'] COMPSTMT end
                | LHS `=' COMMAND [do [`|' [BLOCK_VAR] `|'] COMPSTMT end]
                | alias FNAME FNAME
                | undef (FNAME | SYMBOL)+
                | STMT if EXPR
                | STMT while EXPR
                | STMT unless EXPR
                | STMT until EXPR
                | STMT rescue STMT
                | `BEGIN' `{' COMPSTMT `}'
                | `END' `{' COMPSTMT `}'
                | EXPR

EXPR            : MLHS `=' MRHS
                | return CALL_ARGS
                | EXPR and EXPR
                | EXPR or EXPR
                | not EXPR
                | COMMAND
                | `!' COMMAND
                | ARG

CALL            : FUNCTION
                | COMMAND

COMMAND         : OPERATION CALL_ARGS
                | PRIMARY `.' FNAME CALL_ARGS
                | PRIMARY `::' FNAME CALL_ARGS
                | super CALL_ARGS
                | yield CALL_ARGS

FUNCTION        : OPERATION [`(' [CALL_ARGS] `)']
                | PRIMARY `.' FNAME `(' [CALL_ARGS] `)'
                | PRIMARY `::' FNAME `(' [CALL_ARGS] `)'
                | PRIMARY `.' FNAME
                | PRIMARY `::' FNAME
                | super [`(' [CALL_ARGS] `)']

ARG             : LHS `=' ARG
                | LHS OP_ASGN ARG
                | ARG `..' ARG
                | ARG `...' ARG
                | ARG `+' ARG
                | ARG `-' ARG
                | ARG `*' ARG
                | ARG `/' ARG
                | ARG `%' ARG
                | ARG `**' ARG
                | `+' ARG
                | `-' ARG
                | ARG `|' ARG
                | ARG `^' ARG
                | ARG `&' ARG
                | ARG `<=>' ARG
                | ARG `>' ARG
                | ARG `>=' ARG
                | ARG `<' ARG
                | ARG `<=' ARG
                | ARG `==' ARG
                | ARG `===' ARG
                | ARG `!=' ARG
                | ARG `=~' ARG
                | ARG `!~' ARG
                | `!' ARG
                | `~' ARG
                | ARG `<<' ARG
                | ARG `>>' ARG
                | ARG `&&' ARG
                | ARG `||' ARG
                | defined? ARG
                | PRIMARY

PRIMARY         : `(' COMPSTMT `)'
                | LITERAL
                | VARIABLE
                | PRIMARY `::' identifier
                | `::' identifier
                | PRIMARY `[' [ARGS] `]'
                | `[' [ARGS [`,']] `]'
                | `{' [(ARGS|ASSOCS) [`,']] `}'
                | return [`(' [CALL_ARGS] `)']
                | yield [`(' [CALL_ARGS] `)']
                | defined? `(' ARG `)'
                | FUNCTION
                | FUNCTION `{' [`|' [BLOCK_VAR] `|'] COMPSTMT `}'
                | if EXPR THEN
                  COMPSTMT
                  (elsif EXPR THEN COMPSTMT)*
                  [else COMPSTMT]
                  end
                | unless EXPR THEN
                  COMPSTMT
                  [else COMPSTMT]
                  end
                | while EXPR DO COMPSTMT end
                | until EXPR DO COMPSTMT end
                | case [EXPR]
                  (when WHEN_ARGS THEN COMPSTMT)+
                  [else COMPSTMT]
                  end
                | for BLOCK_VAR in EXPR DO
                  COMPSTMT
                  end
                | begin
                  COMPSTMT
                  [rescue [ARGS] [`=>' LHS] THEN COMPSTMT]+
                  [else COMPSTMT]
                  [ensure COMPSTMT]
                  end
                | class identifier [`<' identifier]
                  COMPSTMT
                  end
                | module identifier
                  COMPSTMT
                  end
                | def FNAME ARGDECL
                  COMPSTMT
                  [rescue [ARGS] [`=>' LHS] THEN COMPSTMT]+
                  [else COMPSTMT]
                  [ensure COMPSTMT]
                  end
                | def SINGLETON (`.'|`::') FNAME ARGDECL
                  COMPSTMT
                  end

WHEN_ARGS       : ARGS [`,' `*' ARG]
                | `*' ARG

THEN            : TERM
                | then
                | TERM then

DO              : TERM
                | do
                | TERM do

BLOCK_VAR       : LHS
                | MLHS

MLHS            : MLHS_ITEM `,' MLHS_ITEM [(`,' MLHS_ITEM)*] [`,' `*' [LHS]]
                | MLHS_ITEM `,' `*' [LHS]
                | MLHS_ITEM [(`,' MLHS_ITEM)*] `,'
                | `*' [LHS]
                | `(' MLHS `)'

MLHS_ITEM       : LHS
                | '(' MLHS ')'

LHS             : VARNAME
                | PRIMARY `[' [ARGS] `]'
                | PRIMARY `.' identifier

MRHS            : ARGS [`,' `*' ARG]
                | `*' ARG

CALL_ARGS       : ARGS
                | ARGS [`,' ASSOCS] [`,' `*' ARG] [`,' `&' ARG]
                | ASSOCS [`,' `*' ARG] [`,' `&' ARG]
                | `*' ARG [`,' `&' ARG]
                | `&' ARG
                | COMMAND

ARGS            : ARG (`,' ARG)*

ARGDECL         : `(' ARGLIST `)'
                | ARGLIST TERM

ARGLIST         : identifier(`,'identifier)*[`,'`*'[identifier]][`,'`&'identifier]
                | `*'identifier[`,'`&'identifier]
                | [`&'identifier]

SINGLETON       : VARNAME
                | self
                | nil
                | true
                | false
                | `(' EXPR `)'

ASSOCS          : ASSOC (`,' ASSOC)*

ASSOC           : ARG `=>' ARG

VARIABLE        : VARNAME
                | self
                | nil
                | true
                | false
                | __FILE__
                | __LINE__

LITERAL         : numeric
                | SYMBOL
                | STRING
                | HERE_DOC
                | WORDS
                | REGEXP

STRING          : LITERAL_STRING+

TERM            : `;'
                | `\n'

以下のものは字句解析機で解釈されます。

OP_ASGN         : `+=' | `-=' | `*=' | `/=' | `%=' | `**='
                | `&=' | `|=' | `^=' | `<<=' | `>>='
                | `&&=' | `||='

SYMBOL          : `:'FNAME
                | `:'`@'identifier
                | `:'`@@'identifier
                | `:'GLOBAL

FNAME           : OPERATION
                | `|' | `^' | `&' | `<=>' | `==' | `===' | `=~'
                | `>' | `>=' | `<' | `<='
                | `+' | `-' | `*' | `/' | `%' | `**'
                | `<<' | `>>' | `~' | ``'
                | `+@' | `-@' | `[]' | `[]='
                | __LINE__ | __FILE__  | BEGIN | END
                | alias | and | begin | break | case | class | def
                | defined | do | else | elsif | end | ensure | false
                | for | if | in | module | next | nil | not
                | or | redo | rescue | retry | return | self | super
                | then | true | undef | unless | until | when
                | while | yield

OPERATION       : identifier
                | identifier'!'
                | identifier'?'

VARNAME         : GLOBAL
                | `@'identifier
                | `@@'identifier
                | identifier

GLOBAL          : `$'identifier
                | `$'any_char
                | `$''-'any_char

LITERAL_STRING  : `"' any_char* `"'
                | `'' any_char* `''
                | ``' any_char* ``'
                | `%'(`Q'|`q'|`x')char any_char* char

HERE_DOC        : `<<'(identifier|STRING)
                  any_char*
                  identifier
                | `<<-'(identifier|STRING)
                  any_char*
                  space* identifier

WORDS           : `%'`w'char any_char* char

REGEXP          : `/' any_char* `/'[`i'|`m'|`x'|`o'|`e'|`s'|`u'|`n']
                | `%'`r' char any_char* char